Size: 1/2″-48″
Wall thickness: SCH5S-SCHXXS
Material: Special Alloy, Super Duplex Stainless Steel, Stainless Steel, Carbon Steel, Titanium
Standards: ASME B16.9, ASME B16.28, MSS SP43, MSS SP75

A 45 degree elbow is a kind of pipe fittings, which can change the flow direction of liquid or gas in the pipeline system. Its usage proportion can reach 70% and 80% in the pipeline fittings, and it occupies a considerable proportion in all the pipeline fittings. Therefore, it is very important in the pipeline. The main function of the elbow is to change the direction of the pipeline. All pipelines can not go all the way to the end, so the elbow is needed to turn. The most commonly used are 90° elbow, 45° elbow, 180° elbow, and special angle elbow, or long elbow, big elbow, etc. According to the actual needs of customers. Common production processes of stainless steel include push, pressing, forging and casting.

45° Elbow

The function of a 45° elbow is the same as a 90° elbow, but the measurement of dimensions is different to that of the 90° elbow.

The radius of a 45° elbow is the same as the radius of the 90° LR (1.1/2D). However, the center to face dimension is not equivalent to the radius as in 90° LR elbows. This is measured from each face to the point of intersection of the center lines perpendicular to each other, distances B on the image. This is due to the smaller degree of bend. Short radius 45° elbows are not available.

BUTTWELD ELBOW 45/90/180 DEGREE

ASME B16.9 buttweld elbows are manufactured in a wide range of dimensions (combinations of outside diameter and wall thickness) to fit ASME B36.10 and ASME B36.19 carbon, alloy and stainless steel pipes of any size between 2 and 48 inches (and above).

Buttweld elbows below 24 inches in diameter are produced by cutting, heating and bending seamless steel pipes; pipe elbows of larger sizes are manufactured, instead, from welded pipes or steel plates. 

The three most common types of elbows in piping are the 45, 90, and 180 degrees (or return elbow), as shown in the image:

Some special types of pipe elbows are:

• reducing elbow: a pipe connector with an inlet and an outlet in two different bore sizes is used instead of the combination of a standard elbow and concentric reducer.
• mitered elbow: large size elbow assembled by joining steel plates

SHORT VS LONG RADIUS ELBOW

The center to face distance of a long radius pipe elbow is always 1.5 times the nominal pipe size, whereas, for a short radius pipe elbow, the center to face distance is equal to the nominal pipe size.

Example:

• For a 4 inches long radius (LR) butt weld elbow, the center to face distance is 4 x 25.4 x 1.5 = 152.4 mm;
• For a short radius butt weld elbow, the center to face distance is instead 4 x 25.4 x 1 = 101.6 mm. Short radius pipe elbows are available only for the 90 and 180-degree configuration (and not for the 45 degrees); instead, long radius elbows are available for all degrees.

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PIPE ELBOW MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Buttweld elbows 45 and 90 degrees can be manufactured in different ways, the main ones are the “mandrel process” and the “cold forming” (other methods are the elliptical forming and the double-seam welding method).

Mandrel Process

Cold forming

Quality Control
We have our own Physical & Chemical Testing Center Lab to guarantee our product quality. Our test items & instrument fully meet international standards.

Charpy impact test	Corrosion test	PT penetration inspection	Tensile test
Ultrasonic wt testing	Hardness test	Dimension test	High test
Thickness test	Alloy Analyzer (PMI)

Application of 45° Elbow

1. Pipe and Tubes for petrochemical industry
2. Pharmaceutical industry 
3. Food industry
4. Aviation and aerospace industry
5. Architectural decoration industry
6. Oil and Gas Pipeline industry

Dimensions Butt Weld Elbows 45°-90° LR and 3D ASME B16.9

NPS	O.D. D	90° Long Rad Center to End A	45° Long Rad Center to End B	90° 3D Center to End A	45° 3D Center to End B
1/2	21.3	38	16
3/4	26.7	38	19	57	24
1	33.4	38	22	76	31
1.1/4	42.2	48	25	95	39
1.1/2	48.3	57	29	114	47
2	60.3	76	35	152	63
2.1/2	73	95	44	190	79
3	88.9	114	51	229	95
3.1/2	101.6	133	57	267	111
4	114.3	152	64	305	127
5	141.3	190	79	381	157
6	168.3	229	95	457	189
8	219.1	305	127	610	252
10	273	381	159	762	316
12	323.8	457	190	914	378
14	355.6	533	222	1067	441
16	406.4	610	254	1219	505

NPS	O.D. D	90° Long Rad Center to End A	45° Long Rad Center to End B	90° 3D Center to End A	45° 3D Center to End B
18	457	686	286	1372	568
20	508	762	318	1524	632
22	559	838	343	1676	694
24	610	914	381	1829	757
26	660	991	406	1981	821
28	711	1067	438	2134	883
30	762	1143	470	2286	946
32	813	1219	502	2438	1010
34	864	1295	533	2591	1073
36	914	1372	565	2743	1135
38	965	1448	600	2896	1200
40	1016	1524	632	3048	1264
42	1067	1600	660	3200	1326
44	1118	1676	695	3353	1389
46	1168	1753	727	3505	1453
48	1219	1829	759	3658	1516

Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated. Wall thickness (t) must be specified by customer.

DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES OF BUTT WELD ELBOWS – 45° AND 90° – LR AND 3D – ASME B16.9 –

Nominal Pipe Size	1/2 to 2.1/2	3 to 3.1/2	4	5 to 8
Outside Diameter at Bevel (D)	+ 1.6 – 0.8	1.6	1.6	+ 2.4 – 1.6
Inside Diameter at End	0.8	1.6	1.6	1.6
Center to End LR (A/B)	2	2	2	2
Center to End 3D (A/B)	3	3	3	3
Nominal Pipe Size	10 to 18	20 to 24	26 to 30	32 to 48
Outside Diameter at Bevel (D)	+ 4 – 3.2	+ 6.4 – 4.8	+ 6.4 – 4.8	+ 6.4 – 4.8
Inside Diameter at End	3.2	4.8	+ 6.4 – 4.8	+ 6.4 – 4.8
Center to End LR (A/B)	2	2	3	5
Center to End 3D (A/B)	3	3	6	6
Wall Thickness (t)	Not less than 87.5% of Nominal Wall Thickness

Dimensional tolerances are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated and are equal ± except as noted.

Note:
MSS SP-43 only covers stainless steel buttweld fittings made for use with Schedule 5S and 10S pipe and Stub Ends suitable for use with Schedule 40S pipe, as defined in ASME B36.19. The dimensions and dimensional tolerances defined in MSS SP-43 are substantially the same as those in ASME B16.9 specifications from NPS 1/2 – NPS 24. Except with regard to the outside diameter at the bevel.