What is a valve
What is a valve?
Table of Contents
- What is a valve?
- Valve materials
- Valve standard
- Types of valves
- Reducing Valve
- Requirements
- Valve installation requirements
- Valve assembly requirements
- Valve specifications
- Valve performance testing requirements
- Valve sealing requirements
- Other requirements for valves
- What process characteristics do we need to pay attention to?
- Manufacturing process of valves
- The first step: valve body manufacturing
- The second step: the valve internals manufacturing process
- A. Internal parts such as valve discs, valve seats, etc.
- B. Valve stem
- C. Do not need to weld the inner surface of the sealing surface, etc.
- The third step: fastener manufacturing
- The fourth step: final assembly
- Step 5: Valve product production and inspection process
- Valve cleaning step
- Daily maintenance of valves
- Valve connection
- Valve related accessories
- Valve maintenance
- Valve grease maintenance
- Common problem
- Why does the double seal valve not be used as a shut-off valve?
- Why does the two-seat valve easily oscillate when working at a small opening?
- What kind of straight stroke control valve has poor anti-blocking performance, and the anti-blocking performance of the angular stroke valve is good?
- Why is the cut-off pressure difference of the angular stroke type valve larger?
- Why is the straight stroke control valve stem thin?
- Valves and typical operating sizes
- Model preparation of valves
- Specific compilation method of valve model
- Code of structure type of stop valve, throttle valve and plunger valve
- Code of ball valve structure
- Code of butterfly valve structure
- Code of diaphragm valve structure
- Code of plug valve structure
- Code of check valve structure
- Code of safety valve structure
- Code of structure type of pressure reducing valve
- Steam trap Code of structural form
- Code of drain valve structure
- How to calculate the size of the valve?
- How to select valves?
A valve is a device used in a fluid system to control the direction, pressure, and flow of a fluid. It is a device that allows a steel pipeline or a medium (liquid, gas, powder) to flow or stop and control its flow.
The valve is a control component in the fluid transmission pipeline system. It is used to change the passage section and the flow direction of the medium, and has the functions of diversion, cutoff, throttling, check, diversion or overflow relief. Valves for fluid control, from the simplest shut-off valves to the wide variety of valves used in extremely complex automatic control systems, the variety and specifications of the valve, the nominal diameter of the valve from a very small instrument valve to a diameter of up to 10m Valves for industrial piping. It can be used to control various types of fluids such as water, steam, oil, gas, mud, various corrosive media, liquid metal and radioactive fluid. The working pressure of the valve can be from 0.13MPa to 1000MPa. The working temperature can be C-270 ° C ultra-low temperature to 1430 ° C high temperature.
The valve can be controlled by various transmission methods, such as manual, electric, hydraulic, pneumatic, turbo, electromagnetic, electromagnetic hydraulic, electrohydraulic, gas-hydraulic, spur gear, bevel gear drive, etc.; can be under pressure, temperature Under the action of other forms of sensing signals, according to predetermined requirements, or simply open or close without relying on the sensing signal, the valve relies on a driving or automatic mechanism to cause the opening and closing member to be lifted, slid, swiveled or swiveled. Movement, thereby changing the size of its flow path area to achieve its control function.
Valve materials
Common materials of valves
- 1. Gray cast iron: gray cast iron is suitable for water, steam, air, gas, oil and other media with nominal pressure PN ≤ 1.0MPa and temperature of – 10 ℃ ~ 200 ℃. Common grades of gray cast iron are: HT200, HT250, HT300 and ht350.
- 2. Malleable cast iron: suitable for water, steam, air and oil media with nominal pressure PN ≤ 2.5MPa and temperature – 30 ~ 300 ℃. Common brands include kth300-06, kth330-08 and kth350-10.
- 3. Ductile iron: suitable for water, steam, air, oil and other media with PN ≤ 4.0Mpa and temperature of – 30 ~ 350 ℃. Common brands are: QT400-15, QT450-10, QT500-7.
- In view of the current domestic process level, the factories are uneven, and it is often difficult for users to test. According to experience, it is recommended that PN ≤ 2.5MPa, steel valve is still safe.
- 4. Acid resistant high silicon ductile iron: suitable for corrosive media with nominal pressure PN ≤ 0.25MPa and temperature lower than 120 ℃.
- 5. Carbon steel: suitable for water, steam, air, hydrogen, ammonia, nitrogen, petroleum products and other media with nominal pressure PN ≤ 32.0mpa and temperature – 30 ~ 425 ℃. Common brands include WC1, WCB, ZG25, high-quality steel 20, 25, 30 and Low-Alloy Structural Steel 16Mn.
- 6. Copper alloy: suitable for water, seawater, oxygen, air, oil and other media with PN ≤ 2.5MPa and steam media with temperature of – 40 ~ 250 ℃. The common brands are zgnsn10zn2 (tin bronze), H62, HPb59-1 (brass), qaz19-2 and qa19-4 (aluminum bronze).
- 7. High temperature copper: suitable for steam and petroleum products with nominal pressure PN ≤ 17.0mpa and temperature ≤ 570 ℃. Common brands include ZGCr5Mo, 1cr5m0.zg20crmov, zg15gr1mo1v, 12CrMoV, wc6 and wc9. The specific selection must be in accordance with the regulations of valve pressure and temperature specification.
- 8. Low temperature steel: applicable to media with nominal pressure PN ≤ 6.4Mpa, temperature ≥ – 196 ℃ (such as ethylene, propylene, liquid natural gas, liquid nitrogen and other media, common brands include ZG1Cr18Ni9, 0Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni9Ti and zg0cr18ni9)
- 9. Stainless acid resistant steel: it is applicable to nitric acid, acetic acid and other media with nominal pressure PN ≤ 6.4Mpa and temperature ≤ 200 ℃. The common brands are zg0cr18ni9ti, zg0cr18ni10 < < resistance to nitric acid >, zg0cr18ni12mo2ti, zg1cr18ni12mo2ti < < resistance to acid and urea >
- 10. In addition to the above metal valves, there are plastic valves and ceramic valves for special applications.
Typical Materials for Gate Valves, Globe Valves and Check Valves
Base material |
Valve body |
Stem |
Disc |
![]() |
Bronze / Brass |
Bronze (CAC401,CAC406) Brass (C3771) |
K metal (C3531) |
Bronze Brass |
![]() |
Cast iron |
Gray cast iron (FC200,FC300) |
Stainless steel Brass |
Gray cast iron |
![]() |
Ductile iron |
Ductile iron castings (FCD-S) |
Stainless steel |
Stainless steel |
![]() |
Cast steel |
Carbon steel castings for high temperature / pressure service (SCPH 2) |
Stainless steel |
Stainless steel |
![]() |
Stainless steel |
Stainless steel castings (SCS13A,SCS14A) |
Stainless steel |
Stainless steel |
Typical Materials for Ball Valves
Base material |
Valve body |
Stem |
Ball |
Bronze / Brass |
Bronze (CAC401)
Brass (C3771)
|
K metal (C3531)
Stainless steel
|
Brass
Stainless steel
|
Cast iron |
Gray cast iron (FC200) |
Stainless steel |
Stainless steel |
Ductile iron |
Ductile iron castings (FCD-S) |
Stainless steel |
Stainless steel |
Cast steel |
Carbon steel castings for high temperature / pressure service (SCPH 2) |
Stainless steel |
Stainless steel |
Stainless steel |
Stainless steel castings
(SCS13A,SCS14A)
|
Stainless steel |
Stainless steel |
Typical Materials for Butterfly Valves
Base material | Valve body | Stem | Disc |
Cast iron | Nodular graphite cast iron (FCD450-10) | Stainless steel | Stainless steel |
Nodular graphite cast iron + | |||
Nickel plating | |||
Gray cast iron (FC200) | Stainless steel | Stainless steel | |
Nodular graphite cast iron + | |||
Nickel plating | |||
Nodular graphite cast iron + | |||
Nylon lining | |||
Aluminum | Aluminum alloy (ADC12) | Stainless steel | Stainless steel |
Stainless steel | Stainless steel castings (SCS13A) | Stainless steel | Stainless steel |
Valve Body Material Characteristics
Body material | Characteristics |
Gray cast iron (FC200) | Gray cast iron has a long history that dates back many centuries. It is used mainly for valves in relatively low-pressure and low-temperature service. It is also used in a wide range of applications, from kitchen utensils to art pieces. |
Nodular graphite cast iron (FCD450-10) | Invented in 1948, this metal is increasingly in demand, as it conveniently combines the excellent machinability characteristic of cast iron with a toughness that is comparable to copper. Because of this toughness, it is also called ductile cast iron. |
Ductile iron castings (FCD-S) | |
Carbon steel castings for high temperature / pressure service (SCPH2) | Carbon steel is tough and has excellent hardness, tensile strength and impact value. It is commonly used in industrial plants for high temperature / pressure applications. |
Stainless steel castings (SCS13A,SCS14A) | Although comparatively expensive, stainless steel has superior corrosion resistance, heat resistance, low-temperature resistance and excellent mechanical properties. |
Bronze (CAC401,CAC406) | Bronze is an alloy of copper to which tin, zinc and lead are added to achieve particular physical properties. Historically, it was the first metal used for casting. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. Both alloys have excellent machinability and corrosion resistance and are used for relatively small valves in low-pressure service. |
Brass (C3771) |
Working Pressure & Temperature Range for Valve Body Materials
|
![]() |
Note: The above permissible temperature values indicate the limits within which each respective material can operate, not the working temperature range for the valve body made from that material. (from: www.kitz.co.jp/english2/material_index.html)
Valve standard
API – Valve Standards
An overview of the American Petroleum Institute – API – valve standards
API Standard Code Name |
API Standard Name |
API SPEC6D |
Supplement 1 to api spec 6D (sixteenth edition ) specification for pipeline valves |
API STD6D |
Steel gate plug ball and check valves for pipeline service |
API STD6D |
API Specification for flanged steel gate and plug valves for drilling and production service |
API SPE14D |
API Specification for wellhead surface safety valves for offshore service |
API 526 |
Flanged steel safety relief valves |
API 527 |
Commercial seat tightness of safety relief valves with metal – to metal seats |
API 528 |
API standard for safety relief valve nameplate nomenclature |
API 529 |
Cast – forged Steel plug valves flanged ends |
API 594 |
Wafer – type check valves |
API 595 |
Cast – iron gate valves flanged ends |
API 597 |
Steel venturi gate valves flanged or butt welding ends |
API 598 |
Valve inspection and test |
API 599 |
Steel plug valves flanged or butt welding ends |
API 600 |
Flanged and butt – welding – end steel gate and plug valves for refinery use |
API 602 |
Compact design carbon steel gate valves for refinery use |
API 603 |
150 – pound light – wall corrosion – resistant gate valves for refinery use |
API 604 |
Ductile iron gate valves flanged ends |
API 607 |
Fire – resistant testing of ball valves with soft contact faces |
API 609 |
Butterfly valves to 150 psig and 150 F |
API SPEC 6FA |
Specification for fire test for valves |
API SPEC 6FC |
Specification for fire test for valves with automatic backseats |
API BULL 6RS |
Bulletin on referenced standards for committee 6, standardization of valves and wellhead equipment |
API RP 11V6 |
Recommended practice for design of continuous flow gas lift installations using injection pressure operated valves first edition |
API RP 11V7 |
Recommended practice for repair , testing, and setting gas lift valves |
API RP 520 PT 1 |
Sizing, selection and installation of pressure relieving devices in refineries part 1- sizing and selection |
API RP 574 |
Inspection of piping, tubing, valves and fittings first edition, replaces guide for inspection of refinery equipment Chapter XI |
API RP 576 |
Inspection of pressure-relieving devices first edition |
API STD 608 |
Metal ball valves-flanged, threaded and welding end |
ASME – Valve Standards
An overview of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers – ASME – valve standards
ASME Valve Standard |
ASME Standard Name |
ASME A105/105M |
Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for piping applications |
ASME A181/181M |
Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for General purpose piping |
ASME A182/182M |
Standard Specification for forged or rolled alloy-steel pipe flanges, forged fittings and valves and parts for high-temperature service |
ASME A727/727M |
Standard specification for carbon steel forgings for piping components with inherent notch toughness. |
ASME A961 |
Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, valves, and Parts for Piping Applications |
ASME B462 |
Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled UNS N08020, UNS N08024, UNS N08026, UNS N08367, and UNS R20033 Alloy Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for Corrosive High-Temperature Service |
ASME B834 |
Standard Specification for Pressure Consolidated Powder Metallurgy Iron-Nickel- Chromium-Molybdenum (UNS N08367) and Nickel- Chromium Molybdenum Columbium (Nb) (UNS N06625) Alloy Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts |
ASME D5500 |
Standard Test Method for Vehicle Evaluation of Unleaded Automotive Spark-ignition Engine Fuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation |
ASME F885 |
Standard Specification for Envelope Dimensions for Bronze Globe Valves NPS 1/4 to 2 El-1996 R(1996) |
ASME F992 |
Standard Specification for Valve Label Plates El-1997 R(1997) |
ASME F993 |
Standard Specification for Valve Locking Devices El-1997 R(1997) |
ASME F1020 |
Standard Specification for Line-Blind Valves for marine Applications El-1996 RI’1996) |
ASME F1098 |
Standard Specification for Envelope Dimensions for Butterfly Valves – NPS 2 to 24 EI-1993 R(1993) |
ASME F1271 |
Standard Specification for Spill Valves for Use in Marine Tank Liquid Overpressure Protections Applications EI-1995 R (1995) |
ASME F1370 |
Standard Specification for Pressure Reducing valves for Water Systems, Shipboard |
ASME F1508 |
Standard Specification for Angle Style, Pressure Relief Valves for Steam, Gas, and Liquid Services |
ASME F1565 |
Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Steam Service |
ASME F1792 |
Standard Specification for Special Requirements for Valves Used in Gaseous Oxygen Service |
ASME F1793 |
Standard Specification for Automatic Shut-Off Valves (Also Known as Excess Flow Valves, EFV) for Air or Nitrogen Service |
ASME F1794 |
Standard Specification for Hand operated, Globe-Style Valves for Gas (Except Oxygen Gas), and Hydraulic Systems |
ASME F1795 |
standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Air or Nitrogen Systems |
ASME A230 |
Standard specification for steel wire oil – tempered carbon valve spring quality |
ASME A232 |
Standard specification for chromium – vanadium alloy steel valve spring quality |
ASME A350 |
Standard specification for forged or rolled carbon and alloy steel flanges forged fittings and valves and parts for low – temperature service |
ASME A338 |
Standard specification for ultrasonic examination of heavy steel forgings |
ASME A694 |
Standard specification for forgings carbon and alloy steel for pipe flanges fittings valves and parts for high – pressure transmission service |
ASME A404 |
Standards specification for forged or rolled alloy – steel pipe flanges forged fittings and valves and parts specially heat treated for high temperature service |
ASME A522 |
Forged or rolled 8% and 9% nickel alloy steel flanges fittings valves and parts for low – temperature service |
ANSI Valve Standards
An overview of American National Standards Institute – ANSI – valve standards
ANSI Standard Code Name |
ANSI Standard Name |
ANSI A126 |
Grey iron castings for valves flanges and pipe fittings |
ANSI A181 |
Standard specifications for forged or rolled steel pipe flanged forged fittings and valves and parts for general service |
ANSI B16.10 |
Face – to – face and end – to – end dimension of ferrous valves |
ANSI B16.34 |
Steel valves |
ANSI B127.1 |
Constant – level oil valvess |
ASTM – Valve Standards
An overview of ASTM International – American Society for Testing and Materials – valve standards
- ASTM A126-04
Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges, and Pipe Fittings - ASTM A182/A182M-04
Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service - ASTM A338
Standard Specification for Malleable Iron Flanges, Pipe Fittings, and Valve Parts for Railroad, Marine, and Other Heavy Duty Service at Temperatures Up to 650°F (345°C) - ASTM A522/A522M-01
Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled 8 and 9% Nickel Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Low-Temperature Service - ASTM A694/A694M-03
Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service - ASTM A961-04
Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications - ASTM A988/A988M
Standard Specification for Hot Isostatically-Pressed Stainless Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High Temperature Service - ASTM A989/A989M
Standard Specification for Hot Isostatically-Pressed Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High Temperature Service - ASTM B61-2
Standard Specification for Steam or Valve Bronze Castings - ASTM B763
Standard Specification for Copper Alloy Sand Castings for Valve Application - ASTM B834
Standard Specification for Pressure Consolidated Powder Metallurgy Iron-Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum (UNS N08367) and Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium (Nb) (UNS N06625) Alloy Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts - ASTM C1129
Standard Practice for Estimation of Heat Savings by Adding Thermal Insulation to Bare Valves and Flanges - ASTM F885
Standard Specification for Envelope Dimensions for Bronze Globe Valves NPS 1/4 to 2 - ASTM F992
Standard Specification for Valve Label Plates - ASTM F993
Standard Specification for Valve Locking Devices - ASTM F1020
Standard Specification for Line-Blind Valves for Marine Applications - ASTM F1030
Standard Practice for Selection of Valve Operators - ASTM F1098
Standard Specification for Envelope Dimensions for Butterfly Valves-NPS 2 to 24 - ASTM F1271
Standard Specification for Spill Valves for Use in Marine Tank Liquid Overpressure Protections Applications - ASTM F1370
Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Water Systems, Shipboard - ASTM F1394
Standard Test Method for Determination of Particle Contribution from Gas Distribution System Valves - ASTM F1565
Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Steam Service - ASTM F1792
Standard Specification for Special Requirements for Valves Used in Gaseous Oxygen Service - ASTM F1793
Standard Specification for Automatic Shut-Off Valves (Also Known as Excess Flow Valves, EFV) for Air Or Nitrogen Service - ASTM F1794
Standard Specification for Hand-Operated, Globe-Style Valves for Gas (Except Oxygen Gas), and Hydraulic Systems - ASTM F1795
Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Air or Nitrogen Systems - ASTM F1802
Standard Test Method for Performance Testing of Excess Flow Valves - ASTM F1970
Standard Specification for Special Engineered Fittings, Appurtenances or Valves for use in Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) or Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Systems - ASTM F1985
Standard Specification for Pneumatic-Operated, Globe-Style, Control Valves - ASTM F2138
Standard Specification for Excess Flow Valves for Natural Gas Service - ASTM F2215
Standard Specification for Balls, Bearings, Ferrous and Nonferrous for Use in Bearings, Valves, and Bearing Applications - ASTM F2324
Standard Test Method for Prerinse Spray Valves
BS – British Standard Valves
An overview of BS – British Standard institute valve standards
British Standard Code Name BS |
British Standard Name |
BS 1212 |
Ball valves (Portsmouth type ) excluding floats |
BS 1123 |
Specification for safety valves, gauges and other safety fittings for air receivers and compressed air installations |
BS 1414 |
Specification for steel edge gate valves ( flanged and butt- welding ends ) for the petroleum, petrochemical and allied industries |
BS 1552 |
Control plug cocks for low – pressure gases |
BS 1570 |
Specification for Flanged and Butt – welding ends steel plug valves for the petroleum industry (excluding well – Head and flow – line valves) |
BS 1735 |
Specification for Flanged cast iron outside – screw – and – yoke edge gate valves class 125, size 1.5 in to 24 in for the petroleum industry |
BS 1868 |
Specification for steel check valves (flanged and butt-welding ends ) for the petroleum, petrochemical and allied industries |
BS 1873 |
Specification for Steel globe and globe stop and check valves (flanged and butt-welding ends ) for the petroleum, petrochemical and allied industries |
BS 1952 |
Specification for copper alloy gate valves for general purposes |
BS 1953 |
Copper alloy check valves for general purposes |
BS 1968 |
Floats for Ball valves ( copper ) |
BS 2060 |
Copper alloy screw – down stop valves for general purposes |
BS 2080 |
Specification for Face – to – face, centre – to – face end – to -end and centre – to – end dimensions of flanged and butt-welding ends steel valves for the petroleum, petrochemical and allied industries |
BS 2591 PT.1 |
British standard glossary for valves and valve parts (for fluids ) part 1.screw – down stop ,check and gate valves |
BS 2591 PT.2 |
British standard glossary for valves and valves parts ( for fluids) part,2 safety valves and relief valves |
BS 2591PT.3 |
British standard glossary for valves and valve parts (for fluids ) part 3, Plug valves and cocks |
BS 2591PT.4 |
British standard glossary for valves and valves (for fluids ) part4, butterfly valves |
BS 2591PT.5 |
British standard glossary for valves and valve parts ( for fluids ) part5, Ball valves |
BS 2995 |
Specification for cast and forged steel wedge gate, glove, check and plug valves screwed and socket – Welding sizes 2 in and smaller for the petroleum industry |
BS 3464 |
Specification for cast iron gate valves for general purposes |
BS 3808 |
Specification for cast and forged steel flanged, screwed and socket – welding Wedge gate valves (compact design ) sizes 2 in and smaller for the petroleum industry |
BS 3948 |
Specification for cast iron parallel slide valves for general purposes |
BS 3952 |
Specification for cast iron butterfly valves for general purposes |
BS 3961 |
Specification for cast iron screw – down stop valves and stop valves and check valves for general purposes |
BS 4090 |
Cast Iron check valves for general purposes |
BS 4133 |
Flanged steel parallel slide valves for general purposes |
BS 4312 |
Flanged steel screw – down stop valves and stop and check valves for general purposes |
BS 4460 |
Steel Ball valves for the petroleum industry |
BS 5146 |
Specification for inspection and test of steel valves for the petroleum petrochemical and allied industries |
BS 5150 |
Cast iron wedge and double disk gate valves for general purposes |
BS 5151 |
Cast iron gate (parallel slide ) valves for general purposes |
BS 5152 |
Cast iron globe and globe stop and check valves for general purposes |
BS 5153 |
Cast Iron check valves for general purposes |
BS 5154 |
Copper alloy globe stop and check, check and gate valves for general purposes |
BS 5155 |
Cast iron and carbon steel butterfly valves for general purposes |
BS 5156 |
Screw down diaphragm valves for general purposes |
BS 5157 |
Steel gate (parallel slide ) valves for general purposes |
BS 5159 |
Specification for cast iron and carbon steel ball valves for general purposes |
BS 5160 |
Specification for Flanged steel globe valves, globe stop and check valves and lift type check valves for general purposes |
BS 5351 |
Steel ball valves for the petroleum petrochemicals and allied industries |
BS 5417 |
Test of genera purpose industrial valves |
BS 5418 |
Marking of general purpose industrial valves |
Chinese Valve Standards
Chinese standards for steel, cast iron and metal valves
Chinese Standard Code Num. | Chinese Standard Name |
GB12220 | General valve – marking |
GB12221 | Flanged ends metal valve – face-to-face dimensions |
GB12222 | Multi-turn valve – connection of driving device |
GB12223 | Part-turn valve – connection of driving device |
GB12224 | Steel valve – general requirements |
GB12225 | General valve – copper alloy casting ware technology requirements |
GB12226 | General valve – gray casting iron technology requirements |
GB12227 | General valve – ductile casting iron technology requirements |
GB12228 | General valve – carbon forging steel technology requirements |
GB12229 | General valve – carbon casting steel technology requirements |
GB12230 | General valve – a casting steel technology requirements |
GB12232 | General valve – flanged ends iron gate valve |
GB12233 | General valve – iron gate valve and lift check valve |
GB12234 | General valve – flanged and butt-welding ends copper gate valve |
GB12235 | General valve – flanged steel stop and lift check valve |
GB12236 | General valve – steel swing check valve |
GB12237 | General valve – flanged and butt-welding ends steel ball valve |
GB12238 | General valve – flanged and wafer ends butterfly valve |
GB12239 | General valve – diaphragm valve |
GB12240 | General valve – iron plug valve |
GB12241 | Safety valve – general requirements |
GB12242 | Safety valve – characteristic testing solution |
GB12243 | Direct spring loaded safety valve |
GB12244 | Pressure reducing valve – general requirements |
GB12245 | Pressure reducing valve – characteristic testing solution |
GB12246 | Pilot operated pressure reducing valve |
GB12247 | Steam trap valve – classification |
GB12248 | Steam trap valve – technology terms |
GB12249 | Steam trap valve – marking |
GB12250 | Steam trap valve – face-to-face dimensions |
GB12251 | Steam trap valve – testing solution |
GB/T13927 | General valve – pressure testing |
GB/T13932 | General valve – iron swing check valve |
GB/T15185 | Iron and copper ball valve |
GB/T15188.1 | Valve face-to-face dimensions – butt-welding ends valve |
GB/T15188.2 | Valve face-to-face dimensions – wafer ends valve |
GB/T15188.3 | Valve face-to-face dimensions – female screw-down valve |
GB/T15188.4 | Valve face-to-face dimensions – male screw -down valve |
JB93 | Handle |
JB94 | Spanner |
JB106 | Valve – marking and identifying paint |
JB308 | Valve – type establishing way |
JB/T450 | PN16.032.0Mpa forging angle type high-pressure valve, fastener and technology requirements |
JB451 | Lever type safety valve technology requirements |
JB1308 |
Pg(2500kgf/cm2)valve type and base specification |
JB1309 | Pg(2500kgf/cm2)valve pipe and fastener technology requirements |
JB/T1691 | Valve key construction element dimension of stem head |
JB1692 | Umbrella type hand wheel |
JB1693 | Plane hand wheel |
JB1694 | Valve stem nut (1) |
JB1695 | Valve stem nut (2) |
JB1696 | Valve stem nut (3) |
JB1698 | Valve stem nut (5) |
JB1699 | Valve stem nut (4) |
JB1700.1 | Locking nut (1) |
JB1700.2 | Locking nut (2) |
JB1701 | Valve stem nut (6) |
JB1702.1 | Bearing gland (1) |
JB1702.2 | Bearing gland (2) |
JB1703 | Sleeve liner |
JB1706 | Pressing sleeve nut |
JB1708 | Gland |
JB1709 | T type bolt |
JB1712 | Asbestos packing |
JB1713 | Packing seat(1) |
JB1716 | Packing seat(2) |
JB/T1717 | Valve construction key element back seat ring dimensions |
JB1718 | Spacer (1) |
JB1719 | Spacer (2) |
JB1720 | Spacer (3) |
JB1721 | Spacer (4) |
JB1726 | Valve disc seat |
JB1727 | Folio circle |
JB1728 | Stop collar |
JB/T1732 | Valve construction key element taper sealing face dimensions |
JB/T1733 | Valve construction key element valve body copper sealing face dimensions |
JB/T1734 | Valve construction key element wedge disc and valve disc copper sealing face dimensions |
JB1735 | Foot valve disc sealing ring |
JB1736 | Swing check valve disc sealing ring |
JB1737 | Swing check valve disc sealing ring pressing board |
JB/T1738 | Valve construction key element dimensions of wedge gate valve body slide way and slide way groove |
JB/T1739 | Valve construction key element dimensions of wedge gate valve body sealing plane clearance and wedge angle |
JB/T1740 | Valve construction key element dimensions of wedge disc sealing plane |
JB1741 | Thimble |
JB1742 | Adjusting ring |
JB1747 | Packing ring |
JB1749 | Ammonia valve disc |
JB/T1750 | Valve construction key element ammonia valve body sealing plane dimensions |
JB/T1751-92 | Valve construction key element socket welding and fitting pipe head dimension |
JB/T1752-92 | Valve construction key element male screw ends head dimensions |
JB1753-91 | Joint ring |
JB1754-91 | Joint |
JB1755-91 | Joint nut |
JB/T1756-92 | Valve construction key element dimensions of bayonet joint ends |
JB1757-91 | Bayonet |
JB1758-91 | Bayonet nut |
JB1759-91 | Bearing ring |
JB1760- 91 | Six-angle bolt |
JB1761-91 | Bolt ring |
JB/T1762-92 | Valve construction key element spanner dimensions |
JB2202-77 | Direct spring loaded safety valve specification |
JB2203-77 | Direct spring loaded safety valve face-to-face dimensions |
JB2205-77 | Reducing valve face-to-face dimensions |
JB2206-77 | Reducing valve technology requirements |
JB2311-78 | Ball valve technology requirements |
JB2765-81 | Valve technology terms |
JB2766-92 | PN16.0- 32.0Mpa dimensions of forging high-pressure valve |
JB/T2768-92 | PN16.0- 32.0Mpa Pipe, piping fitting, valve head dimensions |
JB/T2769-92 | PN16.0- 32.0Mpa screw flange |
JB/T2770-92 | PN16.0- 32.0Mpa joint nut |
JB/T2771-92 | PN16.0- 32.0Mpa joint |
JB/T2772-92 | PN16.0- 32.0Mpa Blind flange |
JB/T2773-92 | PN16.0- 32.0Mpa double head bolt |
JB/T2774-92 | PN16.0- 32.0Mpa double bolt ends and thread hole dimensions |
JB/T2775-92 | PN16.0- 32.0Mpa nut |
JB/T2776-92 | PN16.0- 32.0Mpa lens ring |
JB/T2777-92 | PN16.0- 32.0Mpa Non-hole lens ring |
JB/T2778-92 | PN16.0- 32.0Mpa temperature marking of pipe and fastener |
JB3328-83 | Air jar valve and pipe-line valve |
JB3339-83 | Little type medical air jar frame type valve connection dimensions |
JB5206.1-91 | Packing gland (1) |
JB5206.2-91 | Packing gland (2) |
JB5206.3-91 | Packing gland (3) |
JB5207-91 | Packing pressing plate |
JB5208-91 | Separating circle |
JB5209-91 | Plastics packing |
JB5210-91 | Back sealing ring |
JB5211-91 | Gate valve seat ring |
JB/T5296-91 | General valve testing way of flow rate coefficient and flow resistant coefficient |
JB/T5298-91 | Steel plate gate valve for pipe line using |
JB/T5299-91 | General valve Hydraulic actuator butterfly type check valve |
JB/T5300-91 | General valve material |
JB/T6438-92 | Valve sealing face plasma arc welding – technology requirements |
JB/T6439-92 | Valve pressing casting steel ware – magnetism powder flaw detector inspection |
JB/T6440-92 | Valve pressing casting steel ware – rax irradiating inspection |
JB/T6441-92 | Safety valve for compressor purpose |
JB/T6495-92 | Valve construction key element Gate valve (or disc) T type groove dimensions |
JB/T6496-92 | Valve construction key element packing dimensions |
JB/T6497-92 | Valve construction key element stem head dimensions |
JB/T6498-92 | Valve construction key element disc and stem connection groove dimensions |
JB/T6899-93 | Valve fire-proof test |
JB/T6900-93 | Draught valve |
JB/T6901-93 | Seal type glasses valve |
JB/T6902-93 | Valve casting steel ware hydraulic penetrating inspection way |
JB/T6903-93 | Valve forging steel ware super wave inspection way |
JB/T6904-93 | Inspection and testing of air jar valve |
JB/T7248-94 | Technology terms of low temperature casting steel for valve purpose |
JB/T7744-95 | Valve sealing face alloy powder for plasma arc welding |
JB/T7745-95 | Pipe line ball valve |
JB/T7746-95 | Diameter-shrinking forging steel valve |
JB/T7747-95 | Needle type stop valve |
JB/T7748-95 | Valve clearance degree and inspection way |
JB/T7749-95 | Technology terms of sub-zero valve |
JB/T7927-95 | Valve casting steel ware out-form quality requirements |
JB/T7928-95 | General valve offer requirements |
JB/Z243-85 | Gate valve static pressure length of life test rules |
JB/Z244-85 | Stop valve static pressure length of life test rules |
JB/Z245-85 | Plug valve static pressure length of life test rules |
JB/Z246-85 | Ball valve static pressure length of life test rules |
JB/Z247-85 | Valve – electrically device length of life test rules |
JB/Z248-85 | Butterfly valve static pressure length of life test rules |
ZBJ16002-87 | Valve electrically driving apparatus technology terms |
ZBJ16004-88 | Reducing valve type and basing coefficient |
ZBJ16006-90 | Inspection and testing of valve |
ZBJ16007-90 | Steam trap valve technology terms |
ZBJ16008-90 | Hydraulic petroleum gas device urgent shut down valve – technology terms |
ZBJ16009-90 | Valve pneumatic actuator technology terms |
JB/T8473-96 | Instrument valve series |
JB/T8528-97 | General valve electric actuator – technology terms |
JB/T8527-97 | Metal sealing butterfly valve |
JB/T8529-97 | Explosion-proof type valve electric actuator – technology terms |
JB/T8530-97 | Valve electric actuator – type establishing way |
JB/T8531-97 | Valve manual actuator – technology terms |
JB/T8670-97 |
YBDF2 series explosion-proof three-phase asynchronous generator for valve electric actuator purpose – technology terms |
DIN – Valve Standards
An overview of DIN – Deutsches Institut für Normung – valve standards
- DIN 475-1
Widths across flats for bolts, screws, valves and fittings - DIN 475-2
Wrench and socket openings - DIN 477-1
Gas cylinder valves rated for test pressures up to 300 bar; types, sizes and outlets - DIN 477-4
Compressed gas cylinder valves; swing check valves for camping-cylinders - DIN 477-5
Gas cylinder valves – Part 5: For test pressure up to 450 bar max.; Outlet connections - DIN 477-6
Gas cylinder valves; test pressures 300 bar and 450 bar, with cylindrical thread for valve stem and gas cylinder neck for breathing apparatus; sizes, threads - DIN 477-9 (Draft standard)
Gas cylinder valves, for highest grade gases; sizes, connections, threads - DIN 1690-10
Technical delivery conditions for castings of metallic materials; supplementary requirements for steel castings used for heavy-duty valves - DIN 3202-4
Face-to-face and center-to-face dimensions of valves; Valves with female thread connection - DIN 3202-5
Face-to-face and center-to-face dimensions of valves; valves for connection with compression couplings - DIN 3230-3
Technical delivery conditions for valves; Compilation of test methods - DIN 3230-4
Technical Conditions of Delivery for Valves; Valves for Potable Water Service, Requirements and Testing - DIN 3230-5
Technical delivery conditions; valves for gas installations and gas pipelines; requirements and testing - DIN 3230-6
Technical delivery conditions for valves; requirements and methods of test for valves for use with flammable liquids - DIN 3266-1
Valves for drinking water installations on private premises; PN 10 pipe interrupters, pipe disconnectors, anti-vacuum valves - DIN 3266-2
Valves for drinking water installations on private premises; PN 10 pipe interrupters, pipe disconnectors, anti-vacuum valves; testing - DIN 3320-1
Safety valves; safety shut-off valves; definitions, sizing, marking - DIN 3320-3 (Draft standard)
Safety valves; safety shut-off valves; center for face dimensions of flanged safety valves to PN 40 and to DN 250 inlet - DIN 3339
Valves; body component materials - DIN 3352-1
Gate Valves; General Information - DIN 3352-2
Cast iron gate valves, with metallic seat and inside screw stem - DIN 3352-3
Cast iron gate valves, with metallic seat and outside screw stem - DIN 3352-4
Cast iron gate valves with elastomeric obturator seatings and inside screw stem - DIN 3352-5
Steel gate valves, isomorphs series - DIN 3352-13
Double-socket cast iron gate valves, with elastomeric obturator seat and inside screw stem - DIN 3356-1
Globe valves; General data - DIN 3356-2
Globe valves; Cast iron stop valves - DIN 3356-3
Globe valves; Unalloyed steel stop valves - DIN 3356-4
Globe valves; High temperature steel stop valves - DIN 3356-5
Globe valves; Stainless steel stop valves - DIN 3357-1
Metal ball valves; general requirements and methods of test - DIN 3357-2
Full bore steel ball valves - DIN 3357-3
Reduced bore steel ball valves - DIN 3357-4
Full bore nonferrous metal ball valves - DIN 3357-5
Reduced bore nonferrous metal ball valves - DIN 3381
Safety devices for gas supply installations operating at working pressures up to 100 bar; pressure relief governors and safety shut-off devices - DIN 3399
Gas low-pressure cut-off valves; safety requirements, testing - DIN 3441-1
Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) valves; requirements and testing - DIN 3441-2
Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) valves; ball valves; dimensions - DIN 3441-3
Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) valves; diaphragm valves; dimensions - DIN 3441-4
Valves of Rigid PVC (Unplasticized or Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride); Y-valves (Inclined-seat Valves), Dimensions - DIN 3441-5
Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) valves; PN 6 and PN 10 wafer type butterfly valves; dimensions - DIN 3441-6
Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) valves; gate valves with inside screw stem; dimensions - DIN 3442-1
Polypropylene (PP) valves; requirements and testing - DIN 3442-2
Fittings of PP (Polypropylene); Ball valves, Dimensions - DIN 3442-3
Polypropylene (PP) valves; diaphragm valves; dimensions - DIN 3475
Spheroidal graphite cast iron valves and fittings provided with internal corrosion protection by means of enamelling, for use in drinking water supply systems; requirements and testing - DIN 3476
Corrosion protection of water valves and pipe fittings by epoxy powder or liquid epoxy resin linings – Requirements and testing - DIN 3500
PN 10 piston type gate valves for use in drinking water supply systems - DIN 3502
Stopvalves for drinking water supplies on and in private property; straight pattern globe valves with oblique bonnet, rated for nominal pressure PN 10 - DIN 3512
Stopvalves for domestic water supply – Two-way valves – Vertical bonnet type PN 10; Straight pattern globe valve; Technical rule of the DVGW - DIN 3535-1
Sealants for gas supplies; elastomeric gasket materials for gas valves in domestic installations; requirements and tests - DIN 3535-5
Rubber/cork and rubber/cork synthetic fiber based gasket materials for use with gas valves, gas appliances and gas pipe work - DIN 3535-6
Gaskets for gas supply – Part 6: Gasket materials based on synthetic fibers, graphite or polytetrafluoroethylen (PTFE) for gas valves, gas appliances and gas mains - DIN 3537-1
Gas stop valves rated for pressures up to 4 bar; requirements and acceptance testing - DIN 3543-1
Metal tapping valves; requirements, testing - DIN 3543-2
Metallic tapping stop valves; dimensions - DIN 3543-3, Publication date:1978-07
PVC tapping valves for plastic pipes; dimensions - DIN 3543-4
High density polyethylene (HDPE) tapping valves for HDPE pipes; dimensions - DIN 3544-1
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) valves; tapping valves; requirements and test - DIN 3852-1
Ports and stud ends with metric fine pitch thread, for use with compression couplings, valves and screw plugs; Dimensions - DIN 3852-2
Stud ends and tapped holes with pipe thread, for use with compression couplings, valves and screw plugs; Dimensions - DIN 3852-11
Stud ends and tapped holes for use with compression couplings, valves and screw plugs – Type E stud end dimensions - DIN 19208
Flow measurement; mating dimensions and application of shut-off valves for differential pressure transducers and differential pressure piping - DIN 19578-1
Stop valves for site drainage systems; anti-flooding valves for faucal sewage systems; requirements - DIN 20042
Water valve, nominal pressure 40 – Dimensions and requirements - DIN EN 28233
Thermoplastics valves; torques; test method (ISO 8233:1988) - DIN 30677-1
Corrosion protection of buried valves; coating for normal requirement - DIN 30677-2
External corrosion protection of buried valves; heavy-duty thermoset plastics coatings - DIN 32509
Hand-operated shut-off valves for welding, cutting and allied processes – Type of construction, safety requirements, tests - DIN 42560
Transformers; Throttle-valves NW 80, Dimensions, Tightness Testing - DIN 74279
Air braking systems – Charging valves - DIN 86251
Shut off valves for shipboard use, of cast iron, with flanges, DN 15 to 500 - DIN 86252
Non return valves for shipboard use, cut off type, of cast iron, with flanges, DN 15 to 500 - DIN 86260
Shut off valves for shipboard use, of gun metal, with flanges, DN 15 to 500 - DIN 86261
Non return valves for shipboard use, cut off type, of gun metal, with flanges, DN 15 to 500 - DIN 86501
Valves, screwed bonnet type of gun metal with 24½-connection with port end W according to DIN 3861 - DIN 86528
Tab washers for screwed bonnet valves - DIN 86552
Valves, screwed bonnet type of steel with 24½-connection with port end W according to DIN 3861 - DIN 86720
Gate valves flat sided of gun metal with screwed bonnet and flanges, DN 20 to DN 100, PN 16 - DIN 87101, Publication date:2003-10
Non-return flaps (storm valves), self-closing, vertical type, DN 50 up to DN 150, PN 1 – Mating dimensions for flanges according to PN 10 - DIN 87901
Sniffle valves for pumps - DIN EN 488
District heating pipes – Preinsulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks – Steel valve assembly for steel service pipes, polyurethane thermal insulation and outer casing of polyethylene; German version EN 488:2003 - DIN EN 558-1
Face-to-face and center-to-face dimensions of metal industrial valves for use in flanged pipe systems – PN designated valves - DIN EN 558-2
Face-to-face and center-to-face dimensions of metal industrial valves for use in flanged pipe systems – Class-designated valves - DIN EN 736-1
Valves – Terminology – Types of valves - DIN EN 736-2
Valves – Terminology – Part 2: Definition of components of valves - DIN EN 736-3
Valves – Terminology – Part 3: Definition of terms (includes Amendment A1:2001); English version of DIN EN 736-3:1999 + A1:2001 - DIN EN 917
Plastics piping systems – Thermoplastics valves – Test methods for resistance to internal pressure and leak-tightness - DIN EN 1092-1
Flanges and their joints – Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories – Part 1: Steel flanges, PN designated - DIN EN 1092-2
Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, PN designated – Part 2: Cast iron flanges - DIN EN 1092-4
Flanges and their joints – Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, PN designated – Part 4: Aluminium alloy flanges - DIN EN 1680
Plastics piping systems – Valves for polyethylene (PE) piping systems – Test method for leaktightness under and after bending applied to the operating mechanism - DIN EN 1705
Plastics piping systems – Thermoplastics valves – Test method for the integrity of a valve after an external blow; German version EN 1705:1996 - DIN EN 28233
Thermoplastics valves; torques; test method (ISO 8233:1988)
ISO Valve Standards
An overview of ISO – International Organization for Standardization – valve standards.
- ISO 683-15:1992
Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels; part 15: valve steels for internal combustion engines - ISO 4126-1:2004
Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure – Part 1: Safety valves - ISO 4401:1994
Hydraulic fluid power – Four-port directional control valves – Mounting surfaces - ISO 4411:1986
Hydraulic fluid power; Valves; Determination of pressure differential/flow characteristics - ISO 4422-4:1997
Pipes and fittings made of unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) for water supply – Specifications – Part 4: Valves and ancillary equipment - ISO 5208:1993
Industrial valves; pressure testing of valves - ISO 5209:1977
General purpose industrial valves; Marking - ISO 5210:1991
Industrial valves; multi-turn valve actuator attachments - ISO 5211:2001
Industrial valves – Part-turn actuator attachment - SO 5599-1:2001
Pneumatic fluid power – Five-port directional control valves – Part 1: Mounting interface surfaces without electrical connector - ISO 5599-2:2001
Pneumatic fluid power – Five-port directional control valves – Part 2: Mounting interface surfaces with optional electrical connector - ISO 5599-3:1990
Pneumatic fluid power; five-port directional control valves; part 3: code system for communication of valve functions - ISO 5752:1982
Metal valves for use in flanged pipe systems; Face-to-face and center-to-face dimensions - ISO 5781:2000
Hydraulic fluid power – Pressure-reducing valves, sequence valves, unloading valves, throttle valves and check valves – Mounting surfaces - ISO 5996:1984
Cast iron gate valves - ISO 6002:1992
Bolted bonnet steel gate valves - ISO 6182-1:2004
Fire protection – Automatic sprinkler systems – Part 1: Requirements and test methods for sprinklers - ISO 6182-2:1993
Fire protection; automatic sprinkler systems; part 2: requirements and test methods for wet alarm valves, retard chambers and water motor alarms - ISO 6182-3:1993
Fire protection; automatic sprinkler systems; part 3: requirements and test methods for dry pipe valves - ISO 6182-4:1993
Fire protection; automatic sprinkler systems; part 4: requirements and test methods for quick-opening devices - ISO 6182-5:1995
Fire protection – Automatic sprinkler systems – Part 5: Requirements and test methods for deluge valves - ISO 6263:1997
Hydraulic fluid power – Compensated flow-control valves – Mounting surfaces - ISO 6264:1998
Hydraulic fluid power – Pressure-relief valves – Mounting surfaces - ISO 6403:1988
Hydraulic fluid power; valves controlling flow and pressure; test methods - ISO 6552:1980
Automatic steam traps; Definition of technical terms - ISO 6553:1980
Automatic steam traps; Marking - ISO 6554:1980
Flanged automatic steam traps; Face-to-face dimensions - ISO 6704:1982
Automatic steam traps; Classification - ISO 6948:1981
Automatic steam traps; Production and performance characteristic tests - ISO 7121:1986
Flanged steel ball valves - ISO 7244:1984
Air distribution and air diffusion; Aerodynamic testing of dampers and valves - ISO 7259:1988
Predominantly key-operated cast iron gate valves for underground use - ISO 7368:1989
Hydraulic fluid power; two-port slip-in cartridge valves; cavities - ISO 7508:1985
Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) valves for pipes under pressure; Basic dimensions; Metric series - ISO 7714:2000
Agricultural irrigation equipment – Volumetric valves – General requirements and test methods - ISO 7790:1997
Hydraulic fluid power – Four-port modular stack valves and four-port directional control valves, sizes 02, 03 and 05 – Clamping dimensions - ISO 7841:1988
Automatic steam traps; determination of steam loss; test methods - DIN ISO 7967-3:1993
Reciprocating internal combustion engines; vocabulary of components and systems; valves, camshaft drive and actuating mechanisms - ISO 8233:1988
Thermoplastics valves; torque; test method - ISO 8242:1989
Polypropylene (PP) valves for pipes under pressure; basic dimensions; metric series - ISO 8659:1989
Thermoplastics valves; fatigue strength; test method - ISO 9393-1:2004
Thermoplastics valves for industrial applications – Pressure test methods and requirements – Part 1: General - ISO 9393-2:1997
Thermoplastics valves – Pressure test methods and requirements – Part 2: Test conditions and basic requirements for PE, PP, PVC-U and PVDF valves - ISO 9635:1990
Irrigation equipment; hydraulically operated irrigation valves - ISO 9644:1993
Agricultural irrigation equipment; pressure losses in irrigation valves; test method - ISO 9911:1993
Agricultural irrigation equipment; manually operated small plastics valves - ISO 9952:1993
Agricultural irrigation equipment; check valves - ISO 10418:2003
Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Basic surface process safety systems - ISO 10423:2003
Petroleum and natural gas industries – Drilling and production equipment – Wellhead and Christmas tree equipment, - ISO 10497:2004
Testing of valves – Fire type-testing requirements - ISO 10522:1993
Agricultural irrigation equipment; direct-acting pressure-regulating valves - ISO 10631:1994
Metallic butterfly valves for general purposes - ISO 10931-4:1997
Plastics piping systems for industrial applications – Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) – Part 4: Valves - ISO 10933:1997
Polyethylene (PE) valves for gas distribution systems
JIS – Valve Standards
Japanese industrial valve standards and specifications from JAS – the Japanese Standards Association.
JIS A1424-2-1998 | Method for laboratory tests on noise emission from appliances and equipments used in water supply installations — Part 2: Mounting and operating conditions for draw-off taps and mixing valves |
JIS B0100-1984 | Glossary of terms for valves |
JIS B0109-3-1999 | Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Vocabulary of components and systems — Part 3: Valves, camshaft drive and actuating mechanisms |
JIS B2001-1987 | Nominal size and bore of valves |
JIS B2002-1987 | Face-to-face and end-to-end dimensions of valves |
JIS B2003-1994 | General rules for inspection of valves |
JIS B2004-1994 | General rules for marking on valves |
JIS B2005-1-2004 | Industrial-process control valves — Part 1: Control valve terminology and general considerations |
JIS B2005-2-1-2005 | Industrial-process control valves — Part 2-1: Flow capacity — Sizing equations for fluid flow under installed conditions |
JIS B2005-2-3-2004 | Industrial-process control valves — Part 2-3: Flow capacity — Test procedures |
JIS B2005-2-4-2004 | Industrial-process control valves — Part 2: Flow capacity — Section Four: Inherent flow characteristics and rangeability |
JIS B2005-3-1-2005 | Industrial-process control valves — Part 3-1: Dimensions — Face-to-face dimensions for flanged, two-way, globe-type, straight pattern and centre-to-face dimensions for flanged, two-way, globe-type, angle pattern control valves |
JIS B2005-3-2-2005 | Industrial-process control valves — Part 3-2: Dimensions — Face-to-face dimensions for rotary control valves except butterfly valves |
JIS B2005-3-3-2005 | Industrial-process control valves — Part 3-3: Dimensions — End-to-end dimensions for buttweld, two-way, globe-type, straight pattern control valves |
JIS B2005-5-2004 | Industrial-process control valves — Part 5: Marking |
JIS B2005-6-1-2004 | Industrial-process control valves — Part 6: Mounting details for attachment of positioners to control valves — Section 1: Positioner mounting on linear actuators |
JIS B2005-6-2-2005 | Industrial-process control valves — Part 6-2: Mounting details for attachment of positioners to control valves — Positioner mounting on rotary actuators |
JIS B2005-7-2004 | Industrial-process control valves — Part 7: Control valve data sheet |
JIS B2005-8-1-2004 | Industrial-process control valves — Part 8: Noise considerations — Section One: Laboratory measurement of noise generated by aerodynamic flow through control valves |
JIS B2007-1993 | Industrial-process control valves — Inspection and routine testing |
JIS B2011-2003 | Bronze, gate, globe, angle, and check valves |
JIS B2011 AMD 1-2004 | Bronze, gate, globe, angle, and check valves (Amendment 1) |
JIS B2031-1994 | Gray cast iron valves |
JIS B2032-1995 | Wafer type rubber-seated butterfly valves |
JIS B2051-1994 | Malleable iron 10 K screwed valves |
JIS B2061-2006 | Faucets, ball taps and flush valves |
JIS B2062-1994 | Sluice valves for water works |
JIS B2071-2000 | Steel valves |
JIS B8210-1994 | Steam boilers and pressure vessels — Spring loaded safety valves |
JIS B8210 ERRATUM 1-2001 | Steam boilers and pressure vessels — Spring loaded safety valves (Erratum 1) |
JIS B8225-1993 | Safety valves — Measuring methods for coefficient of discharge |
JIS B8244-2004 | Valves for dissolved acetylene cylinder |
JIS B8245-2004 | Valves for liquefied petroleum gas cylinder |
JIS B8246-2004 | Valves for high pressure gas cylinders |
JIS B8355-1997 | Hydraulic fluid power — Subplate type solenoid operated four-port valves |
JIS B8357-2000 | Hydraulic fluid power — Compensated flow-control valves — Mounting surfaces |
JIS B8373-1993 | Pneumatic system — 2-port solenoid operated valves |
JIS B8374-1993 | Pneumatic system — 3-port solenoid operated valves |
JIS B8375-1-2000 | Pneumatic fluid power — Five-port directional control valves — Part 1: Mounting interface surface without electrical connector |
JIS B8375-2-2000 | Pneumatic fluid power — Five-port directional control valves — Part 2: Mounting interface surface with optional electrical connector |
JIS B8375-3-2000 | Pneumatic fluid power — Five-port directional control valves — Part 3: Code system for communication of valve functions |
JIS B8376-1994 | Speed control valves for pneumatic use |
JIS B8380-2002 | Pneumatic fluid power — Identification of ports and control mechanisms of control valves and other components |
JIS B8386-2000 | Hydraulic fluid power — Valves — Determination of pressure differential/flow characteristics |
JIS B8387-2000 | Hydraulic fluid power — Four-port modular stack valves and four-port directional control valves, sizes 02, 03 and 05 — Clamping dimensions |
JIS B8400-1-2003 | Pneumatic fluid power — Five-port directional control valves, sizes 18 mm and 26 mm — Part 1: Mounting interface surfaces without electrical connector |
JIS B8401-1999 | Automatic steam traps |
JIS B8410-2004 | Pressure reducing valves for water works |
JIS B8414-2004 | Relief valves for hot water appliances |
JIS B8471-2004 | Water pipe line — Solenoid valves |
JIS B8472-1994 | Steam pipe line — Solenoid valves |
JIS B8473-1994 | Fuel oil pipe line — Solenoid valves |
JIS B8605-2002 | Stop valves for refrigerants |
JIS B8619-1999 | Thermostatic refrigerant expansion valves — Methods of testing for performance |
JIS B8651-2002 | Test methods for electro-hydraulic proportional pressure relief valves |
JIS B8652-2002 | Test methods for electro-hydraulic proportional pressure relief valves and electro-hydraulic proportional pressure reducing and relieving valves |
JIS B8653-2002 | Test methods for electro-hydraulic proportional metering valves |
JIS B8654-2002 | Test methods for electro-hydraulic proportional series flow control valves |
JIS B8655-2002 | Test methods for electro-hydraulic proportional directional series flow control valves |
JIS B8656-2002 | Test methods for electro-hydraulic proportional bypass flow control valves |
JIS B8657-2002 | Test methods for electro-hydraulic proportional directional bypass flow control valves |
JIS B8659-1-2000 | Hydraulic fluid power — Electrically modulated hydraulic control valves — Part 1: Test methods for four-way directional flow control valves |
JIS B8659-2-2002 | Hydraulic fluid power — Electrically modulated hydraulic control valves — Part 2: Test methods for three-way directional flow control valves |
JIS B8660-2000 | Hydraulic fluid power — Valves controlling flow and pressure — Test methods |
JIS B8664-2001 | Hydraulic fluid power — Pressure-control valves (excluding pressure-relief valves), sequence valves, unloading valves, throttle valves and check valves — Mounting surfaces |
JIS B8665-2001 | Hydraulic fluid power — Code for identification of valve mounting surfaces and cartridge valve cavities |
JIS B8666-2001 | Hydraulic fluid power — Pressure-relief valves — Mounting surfaces |
JIS C8702-1-2003 | Small-sized valve regulated lead-acid batteries — Part 1: General requirements, functional characteristics — Methods of test |
JIS C8702-2-2003 | Small-sized valve regulated lead-acid batteries — Part 2: Dimensions, terminals and marking |
JIS C8702-3-2003 | Small-sized valve regulated lead-acid batteries — Part 3: Safety recommendations for use in electric appliances |
JIS C8704-2-1999 | Stationary lead-acid batteries — General requirements and methods of tests — Part 2: Valve regulated types |
JIS C8704-2 ERRATUM 1-2000 | Stationary lead-acid batteries — General requirements and methods of tests — Part 2: Valve regulated types (Erratum 1) |
JIS C9730-2-8-2004 | Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use — Part 2-8: Particular requirements for electrically operated water valves, including mechanical requirements |
JIS C9730-2-17-2004 | Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use — Part 2-17: Particular requirements for electrically operated gas valves, including mechanical requirements |
JIS C9730-2-19-2004 | Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use — Part 2-19: Particular requirements for electrically operated oil valves, including mechanical requirements |
JIS E4115-1988 | Magnet valves for railway rolling stock |
JIS E7701-1992 | Safety valves for high pressure gas tank car tanks |
JIS F0504-1989 | Application and setting pressure of relief valves for ships’ machinery |
JIS F3056-1995 | Ships’ foot valves |
JIS F3057-1996 | Bronze vertical storm valves |
JIS F3058-1996 | Cast steel vertical storm valves |
JIS F3059-1996 | Bronze screwdown vertical storm valves |
JIS F3060-1996 | Cast steel screwdown vertical storm valves |
JIS F5610-1996 | Shipbuilding — Forged steel 20K reflex type water gauges with valves for boilers |
JIS F5611-1996 | Shipbuilding — Forged steel 63K transparent type water gauges with valves for boilers |
JIS F7211-2004 | Shipbuilding — Tube glass type level gauges with 5K valves |
JIS F7212-2004 | Shipbuilding — Tube glass type level gauges with self closing valves |
JIS F7213-1996 | Shipbuilding — 16K water gauges with valve |
JIS F7216-1996 | Shipbuilding — Self closing valves for oil level gauges |
JIS F7300-1996 | Shipbuilding — Application for valves and cocks |
JIS F7301-1997 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 5K globe valves |
JIS F7302-1997 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 5K angle valves |
JIS F7303-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 16K globe valves |
JIS F7304-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 16K angle valves |
JIS F7305-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron 5K globe valves |
JIS F7306-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron 5K angle valves |
JIS F7307-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron 10K globe valves |
JIS F7308-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron 10K angle valves |
JIS F7309-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron 16K globe valves |
JIS F7310-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron 16K angle valves |
JIS F7311-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast steel 5K globe valves |
JIS F7312-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast steel 5K angle valves |
JIS F7313-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast steel 20K globe valves |
JIS F7314-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast steel 20K angle valves |
JIS F7315-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast steel 30K globe valves |
JIS F7316-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast steel 30K angle valves |
JIS F7317-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast steel 40K globe valves |
JIS F7318-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast steel 40K angle valves |
JIS F7319-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast steel 10K globe valves |
JIS F7320-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast steel 10K angle valves |
JIS F7329-1996 | Shipbuilding — Forged steel 40K globe valves |
JIS F7330-1996 | Shipbuilding — Forged steel 40K angle valves |
JIS F7333-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron hose valves |
JIS F7334-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze hose valves |
JIS F7336-1996 | Shipbuilding — Forged steel globe air valves |
JIS F7337-1996 | Shipbuilding — Forged steel angle air valves |
JIS F7340-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast steel globe air valves |
JIS F7341-1996 | Shipbuilding — Forged steel 100K pressure gauge valves |
JIS F7346-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 5K globe valves (union bonnet type) |
JIS F7347-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 5K angle valves (union bonnet type) |
JIS F7348-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 16K globe valves (union bonnet type) |
JIS F7349-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 16K angle valves (union bonnet type) |
JIS F7350-1996 | Shipbuilding — Hull cast steel angle valves |
JIS F7351-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 5K screw-down check globe valves |
JIS F7352-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 5K screw-down check angle valves |
JIS F7353-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron 5K screw-down check globe valves |
JIS F7354-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron 5K screw-down check angle valves |
JIS F7356-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 5K lift check valves |
JIS F7358-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron 5K lift check globe valves |
JIS F7359-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron 5K lift check angle valves |
JIS F7360-1996 | Shipbuilding — Hull cast steel gate valves |
JIS F7363-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron 5K gate valves |
JIS F7364-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron 10K gate valves |
JIS F7365-1996 | Shipbuilding — Hull cast steel globe valves |
JIS F7366-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast steel 10K gate valves |
JIS F7367-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 5K rising stem type gate valves |
JIS F7368-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 10K rising stem type gate valves |
JIS F7369-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron 16K gate valves |
JIS F7371-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 5K swing check valves |
JIS F7372-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron 5K swing check valves |
JIS F7373-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron 10K swing check valves |
JIS F7375-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron 10K screw-down check globe valves |
JIS F7376-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron 10K screw-down check angle valves |
JIS F7377-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron 16K screw-down check globe valves |
JIS F7378-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron 16K screw-down check angle valves |
JIS F7379-1996 | Shipbuilding — Brass 30K stop valves with bite joint(s) |
JIS F7388-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 20K globe valves |
JIS F7389-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 20K angle valves |
JIS F7398-1996 | Shipbuilding — Fuel oil tank self-closing drain valves |
JIS F7399-2002 | Ship building — Oil tank emergency shut-off valves |
JIS F7399 ERRATUM 1-2002 | Ship building — Oil tank emergency shut-off valves (Erratum 1) |
JIS F7400-1996 | Shipbuilding — Valves and cocks — General inspection requirement |
JIS F7403-1996 | Shipbuilding — Hull bronze globe valves |
JIS F7403 ERRATUM 1-2000 | Shipbuilding — Hull bronze globe valves (Erratum 1) |
JIS F7404-1996 | Shipbuilding — Hull bronze angle valves |
JIS F7409-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 16K screw-down check globe valves |
JIS F7410-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 16K screw-down check angle valves |
JIS F7411-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 5K screw-down check globe valves (Union bonnet type) |
JIS F7412-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 5K screw-down check angle valves (Union bonnet type) |
JIS F7413-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 16K screw-down check globe valves (Union bonnet type) |
JIS F7414-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 16K screw-down check angle valves (Union bonnet type) |
JIS F7415-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 5K lift check globe valves (Union bonnet type) |
JIS F7416-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 5K lift check angle valves (Union bonnet type) |
JIS F7417-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 16K lift check globe valves (Union bonnet type) |
JIS F7418-1996 | Shipbuilding — Bronze 16K lift check angle valves (Union bonnet type) |
JIS F7421-1996 | Shipbuilding — Forged steel 20K globe valves |
JIS F7422-1996 | Shipbuilding — Forged steel 20K angle valves |
JIS F7425-2006 | Shipbuilding — Cast iron valves |
JIS F7426-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast steel valves |
JIS F7427-2005 | Shipbuilding — Bronze valves |
JIS F7456-1999 | Shipbuilding — Remote shut-off devices for fuel oil tank and lubricating oil tank emergency shut-off valves |
JIS F7457-1999 | Shipbuilding — Pneumatically operated remote shut-off devices for fuel oil tank and lubricating oil tank emergency shut-off valves |
JIS F7471-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast steel 10K screw-down check globe valves |
JIS F7472-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast steel 10K screw-down check angle valves |
JIS F7473-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast steel 20K screw-down check globe valves |
JIS F7474-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast steel 20K screw-down check angle valves |
JIS F7475-1996 | Shipbuilding — Cast steel angle air valves |
JIS F7480-1996 | Shipbuilding — Rubber seat butterfly valves |
JIS F7505-2006 | Shipbuilding — Spheroidal graphite iron (ductile iron) valves |
JIS G3561-1994 | Oil tempered wire for valve springs |
JIS G7603-2000 | Valve steels for internal combustion engines |
JIS S2120-2000 | Gas valves |
JIS S2120 ERRATUM 1-2001 | Gas valves (Erratum 1) |
JIS S2150-1993 | Manually operated gas valves for gas appliances |
JIS S2151-1993 | Automatic gas valves for gas appliances |
JIS S3019-1997 | Oil control valves for oil burning appliances |
MSS – Valve Standards
Manufacturers Standardization Society – MSS – of the Valve and Fittings Industry – valve standards
- MSS SP-6
Standard finishes for contact faces of pipe flanges of valves and fittings - MSS SP-9
Spot facing for bronze , iron and steel flanges - MSS SP-25
Standard marking system for valves, fittings, flanges and unions - MSS SP-42
Class 150 corrosion resistant gate, globe, angle and check valves with flanged and butt weld ends - MSS SP-54
Quality standard for steel castings – radiographic inspection method for valves , flange, fittings and other piping components - MSS SP-55
Quality standard for steel castings for valves, flanges and fittings and other piping components - MSS SP-60
Connecting flange joint between tapping sleeves and tapping valves - MSS SP-61
Hydrostatic testing of steel valves - MSS SP-67
Butterfly valves - MSS SP-70
Cast iron gate valves , flanged and threaded ends - MSS SP-71
Cast iron swing check valves, flanged and threaded ends - MSS SP-72
Ball valves with flanged or butt – welding ends for general service - MSS SP-78
Cast iron plug valves - MSS SP-80
Bronze Gate, globe angle and check valves - MSS SP-82
Valves pressure testing methods - MSS SP-84
Steel valves socket welding and threaded ends - MSS SP-86
Metric data in standards for valves, flanges and fittings
SAE Valve Standards
SAE – Society of Automotive Engineers – valve standards
Standard Code | Standard Name |
---|---|
SAE ARP 490E | Electro hydraulic servo valves |
SAE AS 707B | Thermal sensitive inflation pressure release devices for tubeless aircraft wheels |
SAE ARP 745 | General components specification for explosive actuated valves one cycle |
SAE AS 1607A | Valve starter control, pneumatic aircraft engine general specification for replaced ASE ARP 1607 |
SAE ARP 1616A | Self-sealing breakaway valves for crash-resistant aircraft fuel and oil systems — replace AIR 1616 |
SAE AIR 4782 | Hydrant valve and coupler historical background |
SAE J 747 | Control valve test procedure standard May 1990 |
SAE J 748 | Hydraulic directional control valves 3000psi Maximum, recommended practice Dct.1957 |
SAE J 1117 | Method of measuring and reporting the pressure differential flow characteristics of hydraulic fluid power valve, recommended practice June 1975 |
SAE J 1118 | Hydraulic valves for motor vehicle brake systems test procedure, recommended practice Jun. 1978 |
SAE J 1235 | Measuring and reporting the internal leakage of a hydraulic fluid power valve, Recommended practice June, 1978 |
SAE J 1409 | Air Brake Valves Test Procedure, Recommended Practice March 1983 R(1988) |
SAE J 1875 | Materials for Plastic Check Valves for Vacuum Booster systems, standard June 1993 |
Safety Valve Standards
The most common used safety valve standards in Germany, UK, USA, France, Japan, Australia and Europe.
Country | Standard No. | Description |
---|---|---|
Germany | A. D. Merkblatt A2 | Pressure Vessel Equipment safety devices against excess pressure – safety valves |
TRD 421 | Technical Equipment for Steam Boilers Safeguards against excessive pressure – safety valves for boilers of groups I, III & IV | |
TRD 721 | Technical Equipment for Steam Boilers Safeguards against excessive pressure- safety valves for steam boilers group II | |
United Kingdom, UK | BS 6759 |
Part 1 specification for safety valves for steam and hot water Part 2 specification for safety valves for compressed air and inert gas Part 3 specification for safety valves for process fluids |
France |
AFNOR NFE-E 29-411 to 416 |
Safety and relief valves |
NFE-E-29-421 | Safety and relief valves | |
Korea | KS B 6216 | Spring loaded safety valves for steam boilers and pressure vessels |
Japan | JIS B 8210 | Steam boilers and pressure vessels – spring loaded safety valves |
Australia | SAA AS1271 | Safety valves, other valves, liquid level gauges and other fittings for boilers and unfired pressure vessels |
USA | ASME I | Boiler applications |
ASME III | Nuclear applications | |
ASME VIII | Unfired Pressure Vessel Applications | |
ANSI/ASME PTC 25.3 | Safety and Relief Valves – performance test codes | |
API RP 520 | Sizing selection and installation of pressure relieving devices in refineries, Part 1 Design, Part 2 Installation | |
API RP 521 | Guide for pressure relieving and depressurizing systems | |
API STD 526 | Flanged steel pressure relief valves | |
API STD 527 | Seat tightness of pressure relief valves | |
Europe | EN ISO 4126 | Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure |
International | ISO 4126 | Safety valves – general requirements |
Types of valves
Ball Valve
Evolving from plug valves, ball valves are a kind of quarter-turn valves whose disc is ball shape. They are mainly used for blocking off, distributing and changing the direction of flow, of which, ball valves with V-type opening have a better flow rate moderating function.
Advantages:
- The lowest flow resistance (zero).
- Ball valves won’t get stuck during working even without lubricant, so they are reliable for controlling the flow of corrosive and low-boiling-point media.
- Fully sealed ability under conditions with relatively high pressure and temperature.
- Fast shut-off (speeds of some structures are merely 0.05-0.1s), no impact when automatic system operating.
- The disc can automatically position on the margin.
- When fully opening or closing, the sealing surfaces of the ball and valve body are separated with the medium, so the sealing surfaces won’t be eroded when the medium is speedily passing the valve.
- Compact structure, lightweight – so it is considered as the most suitable valve for low-temperature system.
- Symmetrical shape, especially welded body, being able to withstand the pressure from pipeline.
- Disc can withstand high-pressure difference when closing.
- Ball valves with all-welded valve body can directly be buried in the ground, and prevent the inner part of valves from being eroded. Ball valves, whose service life can reach to 30 years, are an ideal option for petroleum, natural gas pipelines.
Disadvantages:
The major material of the sealing ring of valve body is PTEF, which won’t have chemical reactions with almost all other materials. In addition, PTEF has characteristics such as small friction coefficient, stable performance, aging resistance, being able to withstand a wide range of temperature, excellent sealing performance. But, its physical properties, including large expansion coefficient, cold stream sensitivity, poor thermal conductivity, restrain the design of valve body. As the material of sealing ring hardens, its sealing ability weakens. Moreover, PTEF is unable to with high temperature and can’t be used in conditions with temperature higher than 180℃, otherwise the sealing part will deteriorate.
Weak adjustment performance compared to globe valves, especially pneumatic or electric valves.
Under what circumstances are ball valves used?
Ball valves are used to prevent fluid circulation. A ball valve is a ball with a drilled hole, usually the same diameter as the pipe. It is a quarter turn valve, which has the advantage that it will not hinder the flow of fluid in the open position. When the hole diameter on the valve ball is the same as the pipe diameter, it is called “full flow” valve. In the closed position, this type of valve provides a good sealing system.
This valve is used for liquids (water, oil, etc.) and gases.
Some ball valves are also equipped with conical plugs.
Ball valves can also be used as three-way or four-way valves. In this case, they are also called sector valves.
Plug Valve
It is a rotary valve whose disc is plunger shape (cylindrical shape or conical shape), which can be rotated to control the flow of media. The working principle of plug valves is basically the same with that of ball valves, which evolves from plug valves and mainly used in oil field exploitation, and petrochemical field.
Relief Valve
It is a protective device for pressure vessel, equipment, or pipeline. When the pressure of equipment, vessel or pipeline exceeds the allowed value, the valve will automatically open and discharge media, so as to prevent the pressure continue to go up. If the pressure is lower than the allowed value, valve should close automatically and timely in order to guarantee safe operation of equipment, vessel or pipeline.
Steam trap valve
Media like vapor, compressed air will generate condensate water during transporting that needs to discharge in time for stabilizing the working efficiency and operation of devices.
Steam traps have the following functions:
- To prevent vapor leakage
- To discharge air, or other incondensable gases
Check Valve
Check valves, which are also known as non-return valves, one-way valves, reflux valves, can be divided into swing type and lift type. They are a kind of automatic valves that open and close by the force produced by the flow of media. The main function of check valves is to prevent media from flowing backward, pumps and drive motor from reversing, vessel media from venting.
Gate Valve
It is a valve that vertically moves along the axis of tunnel, and is used for on/off control of the flow of medium rather than moderating flow rate. Gate valves are able to withstand high or low temperature or pressure and convey a wide range of media, but not including mud type media generally.
Advantages:
- Small flow resistance force.
- Small torque required for on/off control.
- The direction of flow is not restricted – gate valves can be used in a bidirectional loop network.
- The impact of erosion caused by media is less than that of globe valves when gate valves are fully open.
- Simple structure, good manufacturability.
- Short structural length.
Disadvantages:
- Relatively large installation space – big external dimension, long open length required.
- High-frequency rubbing during opening and closing; Scrapes may occur in high-temperature conditions.
- Generally, gate valves have two sealing surfaces, which bring a little more difficulty to machining, grinding and maintenance.
- Long on/off time.
Butterfly Valve
Butterfly valves are a kind of valves that block off or moderate the flow of medium by quarter-turning (the disc is rotated a quarter turn).
Advantages:
- Simple structure, volume, lightweight, low material consumption.
- Quick shut-off, small flow resistance.
- Being able to be used in controlling the flow of media with suspended solid, or, according to the solidity of the sealing surface, powdery or granular media. Butterfly valves are suitable for blocking off and moderating flow (bi-direction) in ventilating and dedusting pipeline, as well as gas pipe, waterway in metallurgy industry, light industrial field, power plant, petrochemical system.
Disadvantages:
- Small scope of flow moderating – 95% of flow won’t be blocked off even the valve is only open 30%.
- Being unable to withstand pipeline system with high temperature and pressure due to the restriction of its structure and sealing surface materials (temperature ≤ 300℃, pressure ≤ PN40).
- Poor sealability compared with ball valves, globe valves (So it can only be installed on places where require low sealabilty.)
Under what circumstances should Butterfly Valves be used?
Butterfly valve is mainly used to control the flow of fluid. Depending on the material of the valve, it can be used for different types of fluids: chemically neutral fluids, such as water or oil, sludge, food or drug fluids, and some butterfly valves can be specially used for corrosive fluids. However, butterfly valves cannot be used for fluids containing solid particles to avoid complete closure of the valve.
Butterfly valves are “quarter turn” valves. It needs to be rotated 90 ° between the open and closed positions to operate. For large diameters, a drive system equipped with a gearbox may be required to compensate for the pressure directly applied to the butterfly valve.
Butterfly valves are designed to ensure a good sealing system. Large diameter butterfly valves are usually flange mounted. For example, butterfly valves for heating circuits are usually screw in valves. Butterfly valve is usually the most space-saving, especially compared with ball valve.
Globe Valve
It is a valve whose disc moves along the center line of valve body. According to this kind of movement mode, the variation of the opening of valve body is proportional to disc travel. Besides, the fact that the valve stem of globe valve has a relatively short travel of opening and closing, its reliable blocking-off function, these three factors are why globe valves are a suitable option for flow moderating, blocking off, and throttling.
Advantages:
- Wear resistance – small friction compared with gate valves during the processes of opening and closing.
- Short open length (a quarter of the channel within the valve body).
- Only one sealing surface, good manufacturability, easy maintenance.
- High-temperature resistance – Globe valves’ packing materials are normally asbestos and graphite.
Disadvantages:
Because globe valves will change the flow direction of medium, their minimum flow resistance is higher than that of most other valves.
Under what circumstances are globe valves or piston valves used?
The working principle of stop valve and piston valve is the same. The end of the piston rod has a dished part or piston, which is lowered into the valve to prevent fluid flow. This valve is particularly suitable for regulating the fluid according to the pressure in the pipeline. Many stop valve actuators contain an adjusting spring that adjusts the opening of the valve according to the pressure.
The main disadvantage of this valve is the large head loss. In addition, when the fluid pressure is too high, it is difficult to operate the valve in the closed position. They can also close quickly, resulting in water hammer. This valve can also be used as a three-way valve.
Reducing Valve
Reducing valves are used for reducing the upstream pressure to the required downstream pressure and stabilizing the downstream pressure by consuming the energy of medium.
Under what circumstances should Needle Valves be used?
Needle valves are especially used to regulate low flow liquids or gases.
This is a small diameter valve designed for low pressure applications. It is often called “faucet”. Generally, it needs to be started manually. They are very common in home applications and fluid sampling operations. Needle valves are cheaper, which explains why they are so popular.
Important features:
- Low flow;
- It usually needs to be started manually;
- Low cost.
Under what circumstances should Diaphragm Valves be used?
Diaphragm valves are mainly used for sanitary and aseptic processes, i.e. when the circulating fluid must be isolated from any potential contamination.
This valve mainly operates in open / closed mode, although in some cases it can be used for fluid regulation. In the open position, the diaphragm valve is called “full flow”, and there is little pressure drop because the closed diaphragm completely clears the fluid flow. This valve has a very good seal because there is no direct contact between the fluid and the valve stem, but they need regular maintenance to ensure that the diaphragm is in good condition, especially when the fluid contains solid particles. The diaphragm material is required to be able to fully adapt to the operating temperature and pressure conditions to avoid premature wear.
Diaphragm valves are mainly used in food and pharmaceutical industries. They are also often used in the chemical industry and ultrapure applications, depending on the materials they use, especially diaphragms. Diaphragm pumps are also suitable for sludge and highly viscous liquids.
This type of valve is not suitable for large diameter circuits: generally, their manufacturing width does not exceed DN350.
Important features:
- Limited head loss;
- Good sealing performance;
- Application in food, medicine, chemical industry and other industries;
- Compatible with fluids containing particles.
Disadvantages:
- Regular maintenance is required;
- Small nominal diameter.
When to use knife gate valve?
Knife gate valve is often used in mining, power plant, papermaking, chemical industry, food and other industries. Knife gate valves have the advantage of being very compact due to the linear movement of the closing baffle (the plate that prevents fluid flow in the closed position). Knife gate valve is mainly a stop valve, although it can also be used as a control valve when the valve is in the partially open position.
Knife gate valves can be used for fluids containing solid particles, such as wastewater or sludge. In general, knife gate valves are designed to be sealed on the upstream side of the circuit (fluid inlet side), but some valves are sealed on both sides. Therefore, knife gate valves can be used regardless of the fluid flow direction. In the open position, the head loss is very low because the valve will not cause a change in fluid direction.
However, closing and opening times can be long and regular maintenance is required to correct wear between the valve and the seal.
What is a multi-way valve?
Multi way valve refers to a valve with multiple inlets and / or outlets. The most common is a three-way valve, usually a ball valve. This valve is usually used to regulate the flow of fluid in equipment between two different circuits. It can also be used to mix two liquids. There are also four-way, five-way and six-way valves. Valves with more channels than these are very rare.
Requirements
Valve installation requirements
- Before installing the valve, carefully check whether the model and specifications of the valve used are consistent with the design;
- According to the model of the valve and the factory manual, check whether the valve can be applied under the required conditions;
- When the valve is hoisted, the rope should be tied to the flange connection between the valve body and the valve cover, and should not be placed on the hand wheel or the valve stem to avoid damage to the valve stem and the hand wheel;
- When installing the valve on the horizontal pipe, the valve stem should be vertical upwards, and the valve stem should not be installed downward;
- When installing the valve, it is forbidden to use the forced-to-mouth connection method of pulling and pulling hard to avoid damage caused by uneven force;
- The open gate valve should not be installed in the wet place in the ground, so as to avoid valve stem corrosion.
Valve assembly requirements
The cleaned parts must be sealed and stored for installation.
The requirements for the installation process are as follows:
- The installation workshop must be clean, or set up a temporary clean area, such as the use of newly purchased color strips or plastic film to prevent dust from entering during the installation process.
- The assembly workers must be dressed in clean cotton overalls, wearing a cotton cap, hair can not leak, wear clean shoes, hand wearing plastic gloves, skim.
- The assembly tool must be degreased and cleaned before assembly to ensure cleanliness.
Valve specifications
- The model number of the valve should indicate the national standard number requirement. If it is an enterprise standard, the relevant description of the model number should be indicated.
- The working pressure of the valve requires ≥ the working pressure of the pipeline. Under the premise of not affecting the price, the working pressure of the valve should be greater than the actual working pressure of the pipeline.
- Valve manufacturing standards, should be based on the national standard number, if it is an enterprise standard, the procurement contract should be accompanied by corporate documents.
Valve performance testing requirements
- When a certain specification of a valve is manufactured in batches, an official agency shall be entrusted to carry out the following performance tests: 1 the opening and closing torque of the valve under the working pressure condition; 2 the detection of the flow resistance coefficient of the valve under the condition of pipeline water delivery.
- The valve should be tested before leaving the factory: 1 valve in the open condition, the valve body should withstand the internal pressure of the valve pressure value twice; 2 valve in the closed condition, the two sides respectively with 11 times the valve pressure Value, no leakage; but the metal-sealed butterfly valve, the leakage value is not greater than the relevant requirements.
Valve sealing requirements
The sealing performance of the valve refers to the ability of the sealing parts of the valve to prevent the leakage of the medium. It is the most important technical performance index of the valve. There are three sealing parts of the valve: the contact between the sealing surface of the opening and closing parts and the valve seat; the joint of the packing with the valve stem and the stuffing box; the connection between the valve body and the valve cover. The leak in the former place is called endoleak, which is commonly referred to as the lack of tightness, which will affect the ability of the valve to cut off the medium. For shut-off valves, internal leakage is not allowed. The latter two leaks are called leaks, that is, the medium leaks from the valve to the outside of the valve. External leakage can cause material loss, pollute the environment, and cause accidents in severe cases. For flammable, explosive, toxic or radioactive media, external leakage is not allowed, so the valve must have a reliable sealing performance.
Other requirements for valves
- The assembled valve is purged with nitrogen for at least 1 minute.
- The airtight test must be pure nitrogen.
- After the airtight test is passed, encapsulation is carried out, sealed with a clean polyethylene cap, and the polyethylene cap is soaked with an organic solvent before use and wiped clean.
- Then seal with a vacuum bag.
- Fnally packing.
- Measures should be taken during transportation to ensure that the envelope is not damaged.
The valve parts are few, the structure is simple, the precision is general, and it is a simple component in the mechanical industry, but the core sealing part of the valve is required to be particularly high. The valve manufacturing process is complicated and the technical difficulty is also great.
What process characteristics do we need to pay attention to?
1. Valve manufacturing materials
Due to the variety of valve specifications, such as general valves have gate valves, globe valves, check valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, hydraulic control valves; industrial valves have solenoid valves, regulating valves, pressure reducing valves, high temperature and high pressure valves, low temperature valves and other special valves They are used in various fields of the national economy, and their use occasions vary widely, such as high temperature and high pressure, low temperature cryogenic, flammable and explosive, highly toxic, strong corrosive medium and other working conditions, which imposes stringent requirements on the material of the valve.
In addition to cast iron, carbon steel and alloy structural steel, the valve manufacturing materials also use CrNi stainless steel, CrMoAl nitrided steel, CrMoV heat resistant steel, CrMnN acid resistant steel, precipitation hardened steel, duplex stainless steel, low temperature steel, titanium alloy and Mongolian. Nyle alloy, Inconel alloy, Hastelloy and G0CrW cemented carbide. The casting, welding and processing properties of these high-alloy materials are very poor, which brings great difficulty to the manufacturing process. In addition, most of these materials are high-alloy, high-strength, high-hardness precious materials, and there are many difficulties in material selection, preparation, and procurement. Some materials are difficult to purchase due to their small amount of use.
2. Structure of the cast blank
Most of the valve blanks are made of thin shell castings with complex structure, which not only requires good appearance quality, but also has dense internal quality and good metallographic structure. It cannot have defects such as pores, shrinkage holes, sand inclusions, cracks, etc. . Therefore, the casting process is complicated and the heat treatment technology is difficult. In the machinery industry, the casting of pressure-bearing thin-shell casting blanks of valves is much more complicated and difficult than castings of other mechanical components.
3. Mechanical processing technology
Because most of the high-strength, high-hardness, high-corrosion materials have poor cutting performance, such as high-alloy stainless steel and acid-resistant steel, they have the disadvantages of high toughness, high strength, poor heat dissipation, large chip viscosity and strong work hardening tendency. Difficult to achieve the required dimensional accuracy and finish, it presents certain difficulties for machined tools, processes and equipment. In addition, the valve sealing surface is also very high in machining accuracy, mating angle, smoothness and matching sealing pair, which brings great difficulty to machining.
4. Process arrangement of valve parts
The number of main parts of the valve is small, the structure is relatively simple, the processing precision of most sizes is not high, and the outside is rough, which gives the impression of being a simple machine. In fact, the heart seal of the valve can be extremely precise, the “three degrees” (flatness, smoothness, hardness) of the sealing surface is very high, and the sealing degree of the sealing faces composed of two sealing surfaces must reach zero to zero. To meet the zero leakage of the airtight test. This rough reference to ensure the precise zero-to-zero requirements of the heart is the biggest process difficulty in valve processing.
5. Valve test and inspection
The valve is an important opening and closing and regulating component of the pressure pipeline, and the working conditions of the pressure pipeline are different, high temperature and high pressure, low temperature cryogenic, flammable and explosive, highly toxic and strong corrosion. However, the test and inspection conditions for valve manufacturing are unlikely to meet the same requirements for working conditions. The international and domestic various valve test standards are tested under the condition of near normal temperature with gas or water as the medium. There is a fundamental hidden danger, that is, the valve products that have passed the normal factory test may have difficulty in meeting the requirements of use due to problems such as material selection, casting quality and sealing damage under severe actual working conditions. Quality accident. It is no wonder that some old valve experts who have worked for a lifetime are more and more cautious and more worried.
Manufacturing process of valves
The first step: valve body manufacturing
Valve body (casting, sealing surface surfacing)
Casting purchase (according to standard) into factory inspection (according to standard) ➱ surfacing welding ➱ ultrasonic flaw detection (according to the pattern) ➱ surfacing and post-weld heat treatment ➱ finishing ➱ grinding sealing surface ➱ sealing surface hardness test, coloring flaw detection.
The second step: the valve internals manufacturing process
A. Internal parts such as valve discs, valve seats, etc.
Purchasing raw materials (according to the standard), entering the factory inspection (according to the standard), making blanks (round steel or forgings, according to the technical requirements of the drawings), roughing the ultrasonic flaw detection surface (when the pattern is required), roughing the surfacing, welding, welding and welding Post-heat treatment ➱ Finishing of all parts ➱ grinding sealing surface ➱ sealing surface hardness test, coloring flaw detection.
B. Valve stem
Purchasing raw materials (according to standards), entering the factory inspection (according to the standard), making blanks (round steel or forgings, according to the technical requirements of the drawings), roughing, surfacing, welding, post-weld heat treatment, finishing, machining, grinding, grinding ➱ valve stem surface treatment (nitriding, quenching, electroless plating) ➱ final treatment (polishing, grinding, etc.) ➱ grinding sealing surface ➱ sealing surface hardness test, coloring flaw detection.
C. Do not need to weld the inner surface of the sealing surface, etc.
Purchasing raw materials (according to the standard), entering the factory inspection (according to the standard), making blanks (round steel or forgings, according to the technical requirements of the drawings), roughing the ultrasonic inspection surface (when the drawings are required), finishing the various parts.
The third step: fastener manufacturing
Fastener manufacturing standard DL439-1991.
Purchasing raw materials (according to standards), entering the factory inspection (according to the standard), making blanks (round steel or forgings, according to the technical requirements of the drawings) and sampling for necessary inspection, roughing, finishing, and spectral inspection.
The fourth step: final assembly
After receiving parts, cleaning, cleaning, rough assembly (according to the drawings), water pressure test (according to drawings, processes), after passing, disassembling, wiping, final assembly, and electrical installation or actuator debugging (for electric valves) The package is shipped.
Valve product production and inspection flow chart
Step 5: Valve product production and inspection process
- The company purchases raw materials of various specifications.
- The material is tested by a spectrum analyzer, and the raw material material test report is printed for backup.
- Raw material cutting with a cutting machine.
- The inspector checks the diameter and length of the raw material cut.
- The forging workshop processes the raw materials by forging.
- The inspector performs various dimensional inspections of the blank for forming.
- The worker is cutting the waste edge.
- The sand blaster sandblasts the surface of the blank.
- The inspector performs surface treatment inspection after sandblasting.
- Workers carry out rough machining.
- Valve body sealing thread processing—Employees are inspected after processing by the inspection and inspection personnel.
- The valve body is connected to the thread for machining.
- Middle hole machining.
- The inspector conducts a general inspection.
- Qualified semi-finished products are sent to the semi-finished warehouse.
- Semi-finished products are plated.
- Semi-finished plating surface treatment inspection.
- Inspection of various accessories (ball, valve stem, sealed seat).
- Product assembly in the assembly shop—assembly line inspection personnel inspect the product.
- The assembled product is subjected to pressure testing and drying to the next process.
- The assembly shop is responsible for product packaging—-packaging line inspection personnel to check the sealing, appearance and torque of the product. Unqualified products must never be packaged.
- Qualified products are packaged and sent to the finished product warehouse.
- All inspection records will be stored in the computer for easy access.
- Qualified products are sent to and from the country through containers.
Valve cleaning step
Valve components must be processed through the following processes before assembly:
- According to the processing requirements, some parts need to be polished, and the surface cannot be processed with burrs;
- All parts are degreased;
- After the degreasing is completed, the acid washing passivation is carried out, and the cleaning agent does not contain phosphorus;
- After pickling and purification, rinse with pure water, there can be no drug residue, carbon steel parts save this step;
- Dry the parts one by one with a non-woven fabric, and do not leave the surface of the parts such as wire wool, or blow dry with clean nitrogen;
- Use a non-woven fabric or a precision filter paper to analyze the pure alcohol and wipe each component one by one until there is no dirty color.
Daily maintenance of valves
- The valve storage environment should be noted. It should be stored in a dry and ventilated room and block both ends of the passage.
- The valve should be regularly inspected, and remove the dirt on it, apply anti-rust oil on its surface.
- Install the applied valve and perform regular maintenance to ensure its normal operation.
- Check the valve sealing surface for wear and repair or replace it according to the situation.
- Check the trapezoidal thread wear of the stem and stem nut, whether the packing is out of date, etc., and make necessary replacements.
- Test the sealing performance of the valve to ensure its performance.
- The valve in operation should be in good condition, the bolts on the flange and the bracket are complete, the thread is not damaged, and there is no looseness.
- If the handwheel is lost, it should be timely and cannot be replaced with a spanner wrench.
- The packing gland is not allowed to be skewed or has no pre-tightening clearance.
- If the valve is used in a harsh environment and is susceptible to dirt such as rain, snow, dust, sand, etc., a protective cover should be installed for the valve stem.
- The scale on the valve should be kept intact, accurate and clear, and the valve seals and caps.
- The insulation jacket should be free from dents and cracks.
- the valve in operation, to avoid hitting it, or supporting heavy objects.
Valve connection
Flange connection
This is the most used form of connection in the valve. According to the shape of the joint surface, it can be divided into the following types:
- Smooth type: used for valves with low pressure. More convenient processing
- Concave and convex type: high working pressure, can use medium hard washer
- Gutter type: It can be used with gaskets with large plastic deformation. It is widely used in corrosive media and has good sealing effect.
- Trapezoidal trough type: use oval metal ring as a gasket, used for valves with working pressure ≥ 64 kg / cm 2 , or high temperature valves.
- lens type: the gasket is a lens shape, made of metal. For high pressure valves with working pressure ≥100 kg/cm 2 or high temperature valves.
- O-ring type: This is a newer form of flange connection, which developed with the appearance of various rubber O-rings, it is in the form of a sealed connection.
Clip connection
A connection form in which the valve and the two pipes are directly clamped together by bolts.
Butt weld connection
A connection that is directly welded to the pipe.
Threaded connection
This is a simple connection method and is often used for small valves. There are two cases:
- Direct sealing: The internal and external threads directly seal. In order to ensure that the joints are not leaking, they are often filled with lead oil, wire hemp and polytetrafluoroethylene raw material tape; among them, the polytetrafluoroethylene raw material tape is widely used; this material has good corrosion resistance and excellent sealing effect. It is easy to use and store. When disassembling, it can be completely removed, because it is a non-stick film, which is superior to lead oil and wire.
- Indirect sealing: the force of screwing is transmitted to the gasket between the two planes, so that the gasket acts as a seal.
Card sleeve connection
The ferrule connection, the connection and sealing principle is that when the nut is tightened, the ferrule is subjected to pressure, and the blade portion bites into the outer wall of the tube, and the outer tapered surface of the ferrule is tightly pressed against the tapered surface of the joint body under pressure, thereby It can reliably prevent leakage.
The advantages of this form of connection are:
- Small size, light weight, simple structure, easy assembly and disassembly;
- Strong connection, wide range of use, can withstand high pressure (1000 kg / cm), high temperature (650 ° C) and shock vibration
- Can choose a variety of materials, suitable for anti-corrosion;
- Processing accuracy requirements are not high; easy to install at high altitude.
- The ferrule connection form has been adopted in some small diameter valve products in China.
Clamp connection
This is a quick connection method that requires only two bolts for low pressure valves that are often removed.
Self-tightening connection
All of the above connection forms use external force to offset the medium pressure and achieve sealing. The following describes the connection form that uses the medium pressure for self-tightening. Its sealing ring is installed at the inner cone, at an angle to the opposite side of the medium, the medium pressure is transmitted to the inner cone, and is transmitted to the sealing ring. At a certain angle of the cone surface, two component forces are generated, one and The centerline of the valve body is parallel to the outside and the other is pressed against the inner wall of the valve body. The latter part of the force is self-tightening. The greater the medium pressure, the greater the self-tightening force. Therefore, this type of connection is suitable for high pressure valves. It is more connected to the flange and saves a lot of material and manpower, but it also requires a certain pre-tightening force, so that it can be used reliably when the pressure inside the valve is not high. Valves made using the principle of self-tightening are generally high pressure valves.
There are many forms of valve connections, such as small valves that do not have to be removed, welded to the pipe; some non-metallic valves, socketed connections, and so on. Valve users should be treated according to the circumstances of the break.
There are valves and fittings, they are used in the connection or control system of the pipeline. Valves and fittings cannot exist independently and complement each other. Valve fittings are made of carbon steel and stainless steel, as well as PVC, or other materials. The first two are commonly used. In recent years, with the improvement of people’s living standards, the demand for non-staple foods has also increased. It’s up. Therefore, the rapid development of food machinery has been promoted, so the stainless steel sanitary valve fittings production industry has become popular. People usually say that the valve fittings are mostly stainless steel sanitary grade.
Valve maintenance
Claim
- The valve should be stored in a dry and ventilated room, and both ends of the passage must be blocked.
- Valves stored for a long time should be inspected regularly to remove dirt and apply anti-rust oil on the processing surface.
- After installation, it should be inspected regularly, mainly for inspection items:
- Wear of the sealing surface.
- Trapezoidal thread wear of the stem and stem nut.
- Whether the filler is out of date or not, and if it is damaged, it should be replaced in time.
- After the valve is overhauled and assembled, the sealing performance test shall be carried out.
Valves in operation, all valve parts should be complete and intact. The bolts on the flange and the bracket are indispensable, the thread should be intact and no looseness is allowed. The tightening nut on the hand wheel should be tightened if it is loose, so as not to wear the joint or lose the handwheel and nameplate. If the handwheel is lost, it is not allowed to replace it with a wrench. It should be timely. The packing gland is not allowed to be skewed or has no pre-tightening clearance. For valves in environments that are susceptible to contamination by rain, snow, dust, sand, etc., the valve stem should be fitted with a protective cover. The scale on the valve should be complete, accurate and clear. The seals, caps and pneumatic accessories of the valve should be completed. The insulation jacket should be free from dents and cracks. It is not allowed to tap, stand or support heavy objects on a running valve; especially non-metallic valves and cast iron valves are prohibited.
Valve grease maintenance
The professional maintenance work of the valve before and after the production before the welding plays a vital role in the service of the valve. The correct and orderly maintenance will protect the valve, make the valve function properly and extend the valve. life. Valve maintenance work seems simple, but it is not. There are often neglected aspects of work.
- First, when the valve is greased, the problem of the amount of grease is often ignored. After the grease gun is refueled, the operator selects the valve and the grease injection method to perform the grease filling operation. There are two cases: on the one hand, the amount of grease is less than that of the grease, and the sealing surface is accelerated by the lack of lubricant. On the other hand, excessive fat injection causes waste. There is no accurate calculation of the different valve sealing capacities based on the valve type category. The sealing capacity can be calculated in terms of valve size and type, and a proper amount of grease can be injected reasonably.
- Second, when the valve is greased, the pressure problem is often ignored. During the grease injection operation, the grease injection pressure changes regularly in the peaks and valleys. The pressure is too low, the seal leaks or fails, the pressure is too high, the grease injection port is blocked, the seal grease hardens or the seal ring and the valve ball and the valve plate are locked. Usually, when the grease pressure is too low, the injected grease flows into the bottom of the valve chamber, which usually occurs in a small gate valve. On the one hand, the grease injection pressure is too high. On the one hand, the grease injection nozzle is checked. If the grease hole is blocked, the situation is replaced. On the other hand, the grease is hardened. The cleaning fluid is used to repeatedly soften the failed sealing grease and inject a new grease. . In addition, the sealing type and sealing material also affect the grease filling pressure. Different sealing forms have different grease filling pressures. Generally, the hard sealing grease pressure is higher than the soft sealing.
- Third, when the valve is greased, pay attention to the problem that the valve is in the switch position. Ball valve maintenance is generally in the open position, in special circumstances, choose to turn off maintenance. Other valves cannot be discussed in terms of opening. The gate valve must be closed during maintenance to ensure that the grease fills the seal groove along the seal. If it is open, the seal grease will fall directly into the runner or valve cavity, causing waste.
- Fourth, when the valve is greased, the problem of grease injection is often ignored. The pressure, grease injection amount and switch position are normal during the grease filling operation. However, in order to ensure the grease filling effect of the valve, it is sometimes necessary to open or close the valve to check the lubrication effect and confirm that the valve ball or the surface of the valve is evenly lubricated.
- Fifth, when filling grease, pay attention to the problem of valve body sewage discharge and wire plug pressure relief. After the valve pressure test, the gas and moisture in the valve chamber of the sealed chamber are boosted due to the increase of the ambient temperature. When the grease is injected, the drain and pressure should be drained first, so as to facilitate the smooth operation of the grease injection work. After the grease is applied, the air and moisture in the sealed chamber are sufficiently replaced. Timely discharge of the valve chamber pressure also ensures the safety of the valve. After the grease is applied, be sure to tighten the drain and pressure relief plug to prevent accidents.
- Sixth, when filling the grease, pay attention to the problem of uniform grease. In normal fat injection, the fat-producing hole closest to the grease injection port first comes out of fat, then to the low point, and finally to the high point, and the fat is successively produced. If it is not in accordance with the law or does not produce fat, it proves that there is clogging and clearing treatment in time.
- Seventh, when filling the grease, also observe the problem that the valve diameter and the seal ring are flush. For example, if there is a ball valve, if there is an open position, the position limiter can be adjusted inward to confirm that the path is straight and locked. Adjusting the limit can not only pursue the opening or closing of a position, but should be considered as a whole. If the opening position is flush and not closed, the valve will not be closed. In the same way, if the adjustment is in place, it is also necessary to consider the corresponding adjustment. Make sure the valve is at right angles.
- Eighth, after the grease is applied, the grease injection port must be sealed. Avoid the entry of impurities, or the oxidation of lipids at the grease injection port. Apply anti-rust grease to the cover to avoid rust. So that it will be applied the next time.
- Ninth, when filling grease, it is also necessary to consider the specific issues in the future delivery of oil products. In view of the different qualities of diesel and gasoline, the ability to flush and decompose gasoline should be considered. In the future valve operation, when encountering the gasoline section, timely replenish the grease to prevent wear.
- Tenth, when filling grease, do not ignore the grease filling on the stem. There is a sliding bushing or packing on the valve shaft, and it is also necessary to maintain the lubrication state to reduce the frictional resistance during operation. If the lubrication cannot be ensured, the torque is increased during the electric operation, and the switch is laborious during manual operation.
- Eleventh, some ball valve body is marked with an arrow, if there is no English FIOW handwriting, it is the sealing seat action direction, not as a medium flow direction reference, the valve is in the opposite direction. Typically, a two-seat sealed ball valve has a two-way flow direction.
- Twelfth, when the valve is maintained, pay attention to the water in the motor and its transmission mechanism. Especially the rain that infiltrates during the rainy season. One is to rust the transmission mechanism or the transmission bushing, and the other is to freeze in winter. The torque caused by the operation of the electric valve is too large. Damage to the transmission components may cause the motor to be unloaded or the over-torque protection may not be electrically operated. The drive components are damaged and manual operation is not possible. After the over-torque protection action, the manual operation also fails to switch. For example, forced operation will damage the internal alloy parts.
Common problem
Why does the double seal valve not be used as a shut-off valve?
The advantage of the double seat valve spool is the force balance structure, which allows a large differential pressure, and its outstanding disadvantage is that the two sealing faces cannot be in good contact at the same time, resulting in a large leak. If it is artificially and forcibly used to cut off the occasion, it is obviously not effective, even if it has made many improvements (such as double-sealed sleeve valves), it is not advisable.
Why does the two-seat valve easily oscillate when working at a small opening?
For a single core, the valve stability is good when the medium is flow-opening; the stability of the valve is poor when the medium is flow-closed. The double seat valve has two spools, the lower spool is closed, and the upper spool is open. Thus, when working at a small opening, the flow-closed spool is liable to cause vibration of the valve. This is a double seat valve. Can not be used for small opening work.
What kind of straight stroke control valve has poor anti-blocking performance, and the anti-blocking performance of the angular stroke valve is good?
The straight-stroke valve spool is vertically throttled, and the medium flows horizontally in and out, and the flow passage in the valve chamber is inevitably turned and inverted, making the flow path of the valve quite complicated (shape is inverted S-type). In this way, there are many dead zones that provide space for the precipitation of the medium, which in the long run causes blockage. The direction of the angular stroke valve throttling is the horizontal direction. The medium flows horizontally and horizontally, which makes it easy to take away the dirty medium. At the same time, the flow path is simple, and the space for the medium to precipitate is also small, so the anti-blocking performance of the angular stroke valve is good.
Why is the cut-off pressure difference of the angular stroke type valve larger?
The cut-off pressure difference of the angular stroke type valve is large because the resultant force of the medium on the valve core or the valve plate generates a very small torque to the rotating shaft, and therefore, it can withstand a large pressure difference.
Why is the straight stroke control valve stem thin?
It involves a simple mechanical principle: large sliding friction and low rolling friction. The valve stem of the straight stroke valve moves up and down, and the packing is slightly pressed tightly, which will tightly seal the valve stem and produce a large backlash. For this reason, the valve stem is designed to be very small, and the filler is also commonly used with a small friction coefficient of PTFE filler to reduce the backlash, but the problem is that the valve stem is thin, the bend is easy, and the filler life is short. The best way to solve this problem is to use the travel valve stem, that is, the angular stroke type regulating valve. Its valve stem is 2 to 3 times thicker than the straight stroke valve stem, and the graphite packing with long life is selected. Well, the filler has a long life and what is a hard seal?
The shut-off valve requires that the leakage is as low as possible, the leakage of the soft-sealed valve is the lowest, and the cutting effect is of course good, but it is not wear-resistant and has poor reliability. From the double standard of small leakage, sealing and reliability, the soft seal cut is not as good as the hard seal cut. Such as full-featured ultra-light regulating valve, sealed and protected by wear-resistant alloy, high reliability, leakage rate of 10 to 7, has been able to meet the requirements of the shut-off valve.
Valves and typical operating sizes
Type of Valve | Minimum Size | Maximum Size | ||
mm | inches | mm | inches | |
Ball | 6 | 1220 | 48 | |
Butterfly | 50 | 2 | 1830 | 72 |
Butterfly Neck | 25 | 1 | 1830 | 72 |
Gate | 3 | 1/8 | 1220 | 48 |
Globe | 3 | 1/8 | 760 | 30 |
Plug Lubricated | 6 | 760 | 30 | |
Plug non lubricated | 6 | 406 | 16 | |
Swing Check | 6 | 610 | 24 | |
Swing Check Y-type | 6 | 150 | 6 | |
Lift Check | 6 | 250 | 10 | |
Tilting disc | 50 | 2 | 760 | 30 |
Diaphragm | 3 | 1/8 | 610 | 24 |
Y Oblique | 3 | 1/8 | 760 | 30 |
Slide | 50 | 2 | 1900 | 75 |
Pinch | 25 | 1 | 305 | 12 |
Needle | 3 | 1/8 | 25 | 1 |
Model preparation of valves
Specific compilation method of valve model
Type |
Safety valve |
Butterfly valve |
Diaphragm valve |
Check valve (bottom valve) |
Globe valve |
throttle valve |
Blowdown valve |
globe valve |
Drain valve |
Plunger valve |
Plug valve |
Pressure relief valve |
Gate valve |
Code name |
A |
D |
G |
H |
J |
L |
P |
Q |
S |
U |
X |
Y |
Z |
Type |
Thermal insulation |
Low temperature type |
Fireproof type |
Slowly closed type |
Deslagging type |
Fast type |
(stem seal) Bellows type |
Code name |
B |
D |
F |
H |
P |
Q |
W |
Transmission mode |
Electromagnetism |
Electromagnetic hydraulic |
Electro hydraulic |
Worm gear |
Spur gear |
Bevel gear |
Pneumatic |
Hydrodynamics |
Pneumatic hydraulic |
Electric |
Handle handwheel |
Code name |
zero |
one |
two |
three |
four |
five |
six |
seven |
eight |
nine |
No code |
Connection mode |
Internal thread |
External thread |
Two different connections |
Flange |
Welding |
Counter clamp |
Clamp |
Ferrule |
Code name |
one |
two |
three |
four |
six |
seven |
eight |
nine |
Structural style |
Code name |
|||
Stem lifting type (rising pole) |
Wedge gate |
Elastic RAM |
zero |
|
Rigid gate |
Single ram |
one |
||
Double ram |
two |
|||
Parallel gate |
Single ram |
three |
||
Double ram |
four |
|||
Non lifting stem (concealed rod) |
Wedge gate |
Single ram |
five |
|
Double ram |
six |
|||
Parallel gate |
Single ram |
seven |
||
Double ram |
eight |
Code of structure type of stop valve, throttle valve and plunger valve
Structural style |
Code name |
Structural style |
Code name |
||
Disc unbalanced |
Straight channel |
one |
Disc balanced |
Straight channel |
six |
Z-channel |
two |
Angle channel |
seven |
||
Tee channel |
three |
— |
— |
||
Angle channel |
four |
— |
— |
||
Direct flow channel |
five |
— |
— |
Code of ball valve structure
Structural style |
Code name |
Structural style |
Code name |
||
Floating ball |
Straight channel |
one |
Fixed ball |
Straight channel |
seven |
Y-shaped tee |
two |
Four way channel |
six |
||
L-shaped tee |
four |
eight |
|||
T-shaped tee |
five |
L-shaped tee |
nine |
||
— |
— |
Hemispherical straight through |
zero |
Code of butterfly valve structure
Structural style |
Code name |
Structural style |
Code name |
||
Sealed type |
Single eccentricity |
zero |
Unsealed |
Single eccentricity |
five |
Center vertical plate |
one |
Center vertical plate |
six |
||
Double eccentricity |
two |
Double eccentricity |
seven |
||
Three eccentricities |
three |
Three eccentricities |
eight |
||
Linkage mechanism |
four |
Linkage mechanism |
nine |
Code of diaphragm valve structure
Structural style |
Code name |
Structural style |
Code name |
Ridge channel |
one |
Straight channel |
six |
Direct flow channel |
five |
Y-shaped angle channel |
eight |
Code of plug valve structure
Structural style |
Code name |
Structural style |
Code name |
||
Packing seal |
Straight channel |
three |
Oil seal |
Straight channel |
seven |
T-shaped tee |
four |
T-shaped tee |
eight |
||
Four way channel |
five |
— |
— |
Code of check valve structure
Structural style |
Code name |
Structural style |
Code name |
||
Lifting disc |
Straight channel |
one |
Swing disc |
UNIVALVED structure |
four |
Vertical structure |
two |
Multilobed structure |
five |
||
Angle channel |
three |
Bicuspid structure |
six |
||
— |
— |
— |
Butterfly check type |
seven |
Code of safety valve structure
Structural style |
Code name |
Structural style |
Code name |
||
Spring loaded spring seal structure |
Full open type with heat sink |
zero |
Spring load spring not closed and with wrench structure |
Micro lift, double valve |
three |
Micro open |
one |
Micro open |
seven |
||
Full swing |
two |
Full swing |
eight |
||
Full open type with wrench |
four |
— |
— |
||
Lever type |
Single lever |
two |
Full open type with control mechanism |
six |
|
Double lever |
four |
Pulse type |
nine |
Code of structure type of pressure reducing valve
Structural style |
Code name |
Structural style |
Code name |
Membrane type |
one |
Bellows type |
four |
Spring film type |
two |
Lever type |
five |
Piston type |
three |
— |
— |
Steam trap Code of structural form
Structural style |
Code name |
Structural style |
Code name |
Floating ball |
one |
Steam pressure type or capsule type |
six |
Floating bucket |
three |
Bimetallic chip |
seven |
Liquid or solid expansion type |
four |
Pulse type |
eight |
Bell float type |
five |
Disc type |
nine |
Code of drain valve structure
Structural style |
Code name |
Structural style |
Code name |
||
Level connection drain |
Cut off straight through |
one |
Intermittent discharge of liquid bottom |
Cut off DC type |
five |
Cut off angle type |
two |
Cut off straight through |
six |
||
— |
— |
Cut off angle type |
seven |
||
— |
— |
Floating gate type straight through type |
eight |
Sealing surface or lining material |
Tin based bearing alloy (Babbitt) |
Enamel |
Nitriding steel |
Fluoroplastics |
Ceramics |
Cr13 series stainless steel |
Rubber lining |
Monel alloy |
Code name |
B |
C |
D |
F |
G |
H |
J |
M |
Sealing surface or lining material |
Nylon plastics |
Boronizing steel |
Lead lining |
austenitic stainless steel |
Plastic |
copper alloy |
rubber |
Cemented carbide |
Code name |
N |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
X |
Y |
Valve body Material Science |
Titanium and titanium alloy |
Carbon steel |
Cr13 series stainless steel |
Chromium molybdenum steel |
Malleable iron |
Aluminium alloy |
18-8 series stainless steel |
Ductile iron |
Mo2ti system stainless steel |
Plastic |
Copper and copper alloy |
Cr Mo V steel |
Gray cast iron |
Code name |
A |
C |
H |
I |
K |
L |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
V |
Z |
This item is omitted for gray cast iron low pressure valve and steel medium pressure valve.
How to calculate the size of the valve?
In order to calculate the size of the valve, you need to know the parameters related to circuit operation.
- Pressure
- Temperature
- Flow
- Diameter
Pressure is an important factor that must be considered. On the one hand, it is to avoid too small valve size to avoid the problem of valve leakage or rupture, on the other hand, it is to avoid too large valve size.
It is necessary to determine the operating temperature, that is, the temperature of the circulating medium and the ambient temperature around the valve body. It is important to know the extreme temperatures that the valve needs to withstand in order to be able to select the valves that can be used to operate under these conditions, especially the materials used to manufacture the valve body, closing system and seals.
Working pressure, that is, the pressure at which the medium circulates in the valve.
Fluid flow and velocity. Flow rate and rated speed are the basic elements to help you select the right valve, especially the valve used to regulate this flow rate. The flow coefficient (kV) is the theoretical value specified by the manufacturer to calculate the nominal flow of the valve. It can be expressed in liters per minute (L / min) or cubic meters per hour (m3 / h). The valve manufacturer shall provide charts to determine this factor based on the required flow and nominal diameter.
Nominal diameter (DN) of the circuit in which the valve is located. This is essential to avoid valve oversize, which may lead to unstable equipment operation, or avoid large pressure drop and rapid valve damage caused by too small size.
How to select valves?
Before selecting a valve, you need to determine its purpose. Use a valve to regulate or stop the flow of fluid?
Then you need to determine the type of medium circulating in the system: gas or liquid? Is the medium corrosive, chemically neutral, food or medical liquid requiring special sanitary conditions?
When it comes to the operating system of the valve, you need to know whether it is manual or automatic. In the first case, someone must operate the valve on site, while in the other case, the valve can be operated remotely, such as from the control station.
Finally, it is important to understand how the valve will be integrated into the system and the type of assembly or installation used, especially if welding, bolts through flanges or screwed in are required.
Once these different elements are identified, you can focus on the technical characteristics of the installation, especially flow and pressure, to determine the size of the valve.
The suitability of the valve in a particular application depends on the materials associated with the delivery fluid and their mechanical design. The following table can be used as a guide for valve selection.
Conveyed Fluid | Nature of Fluid | Valve Function | Type of Disc |
Liquid | Neutral | On/Off | Gate Valves |
Rotary Ball Valves | |||
Plug Valves | |||
Diaphragm Valves | |||
Butterfly Valves | |||
Plug Gate Valves | |||
Control valve, modulating | Globe Valves | ||
Butterfly Valves | |||
Plug Gate Valves | |||
Diaphragm Valves | |||
Needle Valves | |||
Corrosive (Acid, alkaline etc.) | On/Off | Gate Valves | |
Plug Gate Valves | |||
Rotary Ball Valves | |||
Plug Valves | |||
Diaphragm Valves | |||
Butterfly Valves | |||
Control valve, modulating | Globe Valves | ||
Diaphragm | |||
Butterfly Valves | |||
Plug Gate Valves | |||
Hygienic (Food, beverages, drugs etc) | On/Off | Butterfly Valves | |
Diaphragm Valves | |||
Control valve, modulating | Butterfly Valves | ||
Diaphragm Valves | |||
Squeeze Valves | |||
Pinch Valves | |||
Slurry | On/Off | Rotary Ball Valves | |
Butterfly Valves | |||
Diaphragm Valves | |||
Plug Valves | |||
Pinch Valves | |||
Squeeze Valves | |||
Control valve, modulating | Butterfly Valves | ||
Diaphragm Valves | |||
Squeeze Valves | |||
Pinch Valves | |||
Gate Valves | |||
Fibrous Suspensions | On/Off, Control valve, modulating | Gate Valves | |
Diaphragm Valves | |||
Squeeze Valves | |||
Pinch Valves | |||
Gas | Neutral (Air, Steam etc) | On/Off | Gate Valves |
Globe Valves | |||
Rotary Ball Valves | |||
Plug Valves | |||
Diaphragm Valves | |||
Control valve, modulating | Globe Valves | ||
Needle Valves | |||
Butterfly Valves | |||
Diaphragm Valves | |||
Gate Valves | |||
Corrosive (Acid vapors, chlorine etc.) | On/Off | Butterfly Valves | |
Rotary Ball Valves | |||
Diaphragm Valves | |||
Plug Valves | |||
Control valve, modulating | Butterfly Valves | ||
Globe Valves | |||
Needle Valves | |||
Diaphragm Valves | |||
Vacuum | On/Off | Gate Valves | |
Globe Valves | |||
Rotary Ball Valves | |||
Butterfly Valves | |||
Solids | Abrasive Powder (Silica, etc) | On/Off, Control valve, modulating | Pinch Valves |
Squeeze Valves | |||
Spiral Sock Valves | |||
Lubricating powder (graphite, talcum, etc | On/Off, Control valve, modulating | Pinch Valves | |
Gate Valves | |||
Spiral Sock Valves | |||
Squeeze Valves |
Source: China Valves Manufacturer – Yaang Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.epowermetals.com)
(Yaang Pipe Industry is a leading manufacturer and supplier of nickel alloy and stainless steel products, including Super Duplex Stainless Steel Flanges, Stainless Steel Flanges, Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings, Stainless Steel Pipe. Yaang products are widely used in Shipbuilding, Nuclear power, Marine engineering, Petroleum, Chemical, Mining, Sewage treatment, Natural gas and Pressure vessels and other industries.)
If you want to have more information about the article or you want to share your opinion with us, contact us at [email protected]