Isiqondiso esiphelele sezinhlelo zamapayipi

Ayini amapayipi amapayipi? 

Amapayipi amapayipi asetshenziselwa ukuthutha uketshezi noma olunye uketshezi oludingekayo ezinqubweni zamakhemikhali phakathi kwezinto ezihlukahlukene nabasebenzisi bokugcina kanye nobubiis yezingxenye ezihlukahlukene, njenge amagagasi, ukufakwa, amathuluzi okulinganisa asemgqeni, njll., abizwa ngokuthi “amasistimu amapayipi”.

Izingxenye zamapayipi zesistimu yamapayipi

Izingxenye zemishini ezifanele ukuxhunywa noma ukuhlanganiselwa kumasistimu amapayipi oketshezi olucindezelweyo. Izingxenye zihlanganisa amapayipi, okokufaka, ama-flanges, ama-gaskets, amabhele, ama-valve namadivayisi afana amalunga wokunweba, amalunga aguquguqukayo, amapayipi okucindezela, ukugoba kwesitoreji, izihlungi, izingxenye ze-tandem zamathuluzi nezihlukanisi.

Yiziphi izingxenye eziyinhloko ohlelweni lwamapayipi?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zamapayipi amasistimu ahlanganisa:

• Ipayipi - Lena ingxenye eyinhloko yohlelo lwamapayipi. Isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa uketshezi ngohlelo. Ipayipi ingenziwa ngokuhlukile izinto zensimbi njengensimbi, ithusi, ipulasitiki noma i-fiberglass kuye ngokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani kanye nezimo zemvelo ezosebenza ngaphansi kwazo.
• Izisekelo zamapayipi: Izisekelo zamapayipi kufanele zibe namandla ngokwanele ukuze zimelane nesisindo sepayipi nanoma yikuphi ukucindezela okuzofakwa kuzo. Kunzima ukubikezela ukuthi usekelo luzohluleka yini ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nezisekelo eziyisipele endaweni.
• Ama-Flanges: Ama-Flange asetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izingcezu ezimbili zamapayipi ndawonye. Angase futhi asetshenziswe njengendawo yokuphuma noma indawo yokungena yezinto zokusebenza njengama-valve noma amaphampu.
• Amavalvu: Amavavu alawula ukugeleza koketshezi ngesistimu ngokuvula nokuvala ezindaweni ezinqunywe kusengaphambili emgqeni. Bangakwazi ukulawula ingcindezi noma izinga lokugeleza ngaphakathi kwesistimu futhi bavimbele ukubuyela emuva endaweni lapho kungabangela khona umonakalo noma ukulimala.
• Pumps: Amaphampu ahambisa uketshezi ngamapayipi ngaphansi kwengcindezi esuka endaweni ethile aye kwenye esebenzisa izinto eziwumshini njengamaphistoni noma amagiya ashayelwa amamotho kagesi noma izinjini zikadizili.
• Ukufakwa - Ukufakwa kusetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amapayipi ndawonye ngama-engeli ahlukene noma izindawo kanye nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana namajoyinti okunweba, izinciphisi/izinwebe njll. Kwezinye izimo ukufakwa kungase kungadingeki kodwa ezimweni eziningi kuyadingeka ukuze kuxhunywe amapayipi ndawonye. Ezinye izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zokufakwa zifaka izindololwane, ama-tee, ama-reducers/expander njll.
• Amasistimu okushisa: Amasistimu okushisa angasetshenziselwa ukufudumeza amanzi ukuze anikeze amanzi ashisayo ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya noma izinqubo zezimboni.

Izingxenye zamapayipi

Amapayipi

Ukufakwa

• I-Butt Welded
• screwed
• Okushiselwe ngesokisi

Amaflangane

Amaphayiphu

Izihlungi

Fasteners

Ukufakwa Okukhethekile

Yini ipayipi?

Ipayipi noma ishubhu ingumkhiqizo ongenalutho, we-longitudinal. 'Ishubhu' yitemu elivamile elisetshenziselwa umkhiqizo ongenalutho onesigaba esiyindilinga, esiyisiyingi noma esiyisikwele noma kuleso sigaba esiphambanayo sanoma iyiphi i-perimeter.
Ipayipi umkhiqizo we-tubular wesigaba esiphambanayo esiyindilinga onobukhulu obuthile nogqinsi olulawulwa yindinganiso ethile yobude.
Ukubalwa
Ipayipi lingahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe endleleni yokukhiqiza noma ngokusekelwe ekusebenziseni kwabo.
Indlela Yokukhiqiza
Amapayipi angenamthungo akhiqizwa ngokudweba noma inqubo extrusion.
Amapayipi e-ERW (Amapayipi ashiselwe ukumelana nogesi) akhiwe ngomucu oshiselwe ngobude ngobude bawo. Ukushisela kungase kube ngokumelana nogesi, imvamisa ephezulu, noma i-induction welding. Amapayipi e-ERW nawo angadonswa ukuze kutholwe ubukhulu obudingekayo kanye nokubekezelela.
Amapayipi ngamanani amancane akhiqizwa yi-EFW (Electric fusion welding) Inqubo lapho esikhundleni sokushisela ukumelana nogesi, umthungo we-longitudinal ushiselwa ngenqubo ye-arc kagesi eshintshwayo noma ezenzakalelayo.
Kunamapayipi ashiselwe i-spiral seam, angamapayipi amakhulu e-dia 500 NB nangaphezulu. Futhi amapayipi enziwa ngokushisela umthungo oyisiyingi okhiqizwa ngokwenza i-steel skelp iqhubeke ibe yindilinga.
Amapayipi acijile amaphakathi enziwa ngokufafaza insimbi encibilikisiwe eduze kwefa elijikelezayo lapho amapayipi abunjwe khona ngenxa yesenzo se-centrifugal.
Ukuhlukaniswa okusekelwe kuzinhlelo zokusebenza
Amapayipi ahlukaniswa njenge:

• Amapayipi okucindezela noma amapayipi okucubungula
• Amapayipi Olayini
• Amapayipi Esakhiwo

Amapayipi okucindezela yilawo angaphansi kwengcindezi yoketshezi kanye noma amazinga okushisa. Ingcindezi yoketshezi ngokuvamile ingcindezi yangaphakathi ngenxa yoketshezi oludluliswayo noma ingcindezi yangaphandle (okungukuthi, amapayipi afakwe ibhantshi) futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu njengamapayipi ezitshalo.
Amapayipi kalayini asetshenziswa kakhulu ekudluliseni uketshezi futhi angaphansi kwengcindezi yoketshezi. Lezi ngokuvamile azikho ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Amapayipi esakhiwo awasetshenziselwa ukudlulisa uketshezi ngakho-ke awangaphansi kwengcindezi yoketshezi noma amazinga okushisa. Asetshenziswa njengezingxenye zesakhiwo (isb. izintambo zezandla, amakholomu, imikhono njll) futhi angaphansi komthwalo omile kuphela.
Amapayipi Dimensional Standards (ASME B 36.10, ASME B 36.19)
Ububanzi: Amapayipi aqokwa ngosayizi Othize, aqala ku-1/8” Usayizi Wamagama, futhi anda ngesinyathelo.

1. Osayizi bamapayipi bakhuphuka ngezinyathelo ze-1/8" kuya ku-½" =1/8", 1/4", 3/8", 1/2", usayizi wegama.
2. Osayizi esinyathelweni sika-¼” = ½”,3/4”,1”,1 ¼”,1 ½”
3. Esinyathelweni sika-½” kufika ku-4” = 1 ½”, 2”, 2½”, 3”, 3 ½”,4”.
4. Esinyathelweni sika-1” kufika ku-6” = 4”,5”,6”.
5. Esinyathelweni sika-2” kufika ku-36” = 6”,8”,10”.

Osayizi Bamagama kuze kufike ku-12”, kune-OD eyodwa eyingqayizivele (Ehlukile kusayizi wegama) futhi umazisi uzoncika kakhulu ngenombolo yesheduli, Ngosayizi Wegama 14” nangaphezulu kuka-OD ulingana nosayizi Wezibizo.
ISHEJULI Inombolo. : Amapayipi akhethwe ngenombolo yeshejuli noma ukuqokwa kwesisindo njenge-Std. (S) Okunamandla Kakhudlwana (XS) kanye Nokunamandla Okuphindwe Kabili (XXS)
Inombolo yeshejuli yepayipi ichazwa ngokuthi:

• I-SCH. CHA. S = 1000P/S

Kwifomula:

• P = Ingcindezi Yangaphakathi (PSI)
• S = Amandla avumelekile wezinto ezibonakalayo

Amashejuli amapayipi avamile u-Sch 40, u-Sch 80, u-Sch 120, u-Sch 160, osayizi bamapayipi amakhulu phakathi nendawo Izinombolo ezinjalo (Sch 20, Sch 30 njll) nazo ziyasetshenziswa.
Ngensimbi ye-carbon, ukubekezelelwa kodonga lwamapayipi kungu-12 ½ % okungukuthi ukujiya kodonga lwamapayipi kungahluka ngo-12 ½% kusukela ekujimeni okutholwe eshadini lobukhulu.
Ezinsimbi Ezingagqwali Izinombolo zeshejuli ziqokwa yisijobelelo 'S' okungukuthi 10S, 20S, 40S, 80S njll.
Ubude: Amapayipi akhiqizwa ngobude obujwayelekile obungamamitha ayisi-6 ukuya kumamitha ayi-7 ukuze amapayipi athuthwe kalula.

Kuyini ukufakwa kwamapayipi?

Ukufakwa kwamapayipi kusetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amapayipi namashubhu asetshenziswa ekufakeni amapayipi nokufaka amapayipi. Ukusebenza kwabo kwenziwa ngendlela yenyunyana elula noma ukuxhumana phakathi kwamapayipi amabili okubunjwa okuhlukene noma izilinganiso. Ziza ngezinhlobo eziningi ezinemisebenzi ehlukene ehlanganisa ama-tee, izindololwane nama-couplings. Ukufakwa kwamapayipi kuvame ukwenziwa ngezinto zensimbi njengethusi, insimbi engagqwali noma insimbi ethambile/insimbi emnyama. Uhlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo luthinta intengo yokulinganisa kodwa akuthinti umsebenzi wakho. Asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kanye nokulawulwa kwemfucuza, izintambo zikaphethiloli kanye nezinhlelo zokusabalalisa igesi yemvelo ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano, zezimboni, zokuhlala kanye nezikhungo.

Ukufakwa kwepayipi kuchazwa njengengxenye esetshenziswa ohlelweni lwamapayipi, ekushintsheni indlela, igatsha noma ukushintsha ububanzi bepayipi, futhi ehlanganiswe ngomshini ohlelweni.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zokufakwa futhi ziyafana kuwo wonke amasayizi namashejuli njengepayipi.
Ukufakwa kuhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:

• Ukufakwa kwe-Buttweld (BW) - Izinqamu ezishiselwe izingcezu zepayipi ezihlanganiswa ndawonye ngokushisisa insimbi nokuncibilikisa ungqimba oluncane lwazo zombili izingcezu, kubangele ukuthi zigeleze ndawonye. Ubukhulu bukabani, ukubekezelelana kobukhulu njll, okuchazwa kumazinga we-ASME B16.9. 
• Ukufakwa kwe-Socket Weld (SW) - I-Socket Welded/Socked Welded Fittings: Lokhu kufakwa akuvamile, kodwa kunikeza ukuqina okuphezulu namandla ezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kusetshenziswa ingcindezi enkulu. I-Class 3000, 6000, kanye ne-9000 ichazwa kumazinga we-ASME B16.11. 
• Ukufakwa Okunentambo (THD) - Lolu hlobo lokulinganisa lunochungechunge lwangaphakathi oludizayinelwe ukuhlanganisana ukuze kugcinwe isisindo siphansi. I-Class 2000, 3000, kanye ne-6000 ichazwa kumazinga we-ASME B16.11.

Okusetshenziswa Kakhulu Kwe-Buttweld Fittings

Ukufakwa kwe-Buttweld kuwuhlobo oluvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu lokufakwa kwamapayipi, olusetshenziswa kumapayipi nama-heaters. Ukufakwa kwe-Buttweld kuza ngezitayela ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi eziqondile, I-45-degree Izindololwane futhi 90-degree izindololwane, kanye neziphambano. Zenziwa ngezinto zensimbi engagqwali.

Ukusetshenziswa kokufakwa kwe-butt-weld

• Amasistimu wamapayipi asebenzisa okokufaka okushiselwe izinqe kunezinzuzo eziningi zemvelo kunezinye izinhlobo.
• Ukushisela okufayo epayipini kusho ukuthi alivuzi unomphela.
• Isakhiwo sensimbi esiqhubekayo esakhiwe phakathi kwepayipi kanye nokufakwa kwengeza amandla ohlelweni.
• Indawo yangaphakathi ebushelelezi kanye noshintsho lwezikhombisi-ndlela kancane kancane kunciphisa ukulahleka kwengcindezi kanye nesiyaluyalu futhi kunciphise imiphumela yokugqwala nokuguguleka.
• Amasistimu ashiselwe asebenzisa indawo encane.

I-Bevelled iyaphela

Zonke izinsimbi zokushisela izinqe zineziphetho ezi-beveled, zezinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic ezinogqinsi olungaphezu kuka-4 mm nezinsimbi ezingenasici ze-ferritic ezinobukhulu bodonga obungaphezu kuka-5 mm. ukuma kwe-bevel kuncike ekugqineni kodonga lwangempela. Lezi ziphetho ezinama-bevelled zidinga ukukwazi "ukushiselwa ngezinqe".

Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile ze-bevel

I-ASME B16. 25 ihlanganisa ukulungiswa kwe-butt welding ekupheleni kwezingxenye zamapayipi ezixhunywe ohlelweni lwamapayipi ngokushisela. Kuhlanganisa izidingo zokushisela, izimfuneko zokubunjwa kwangaphandle nangaphakathi kwezingxenye zodonga oluwugqinsi, nokulungiswa kweziphetho zangaphakathi (okuhlanganisa ubukhulu nokubekezelelana kobukhulu). Lezi zidingo zokulungiselela unqenqema lokushisela nazo zifakwe kumazinga e-ASME (isb. b16.9, B16.5 kanye ne-B16.34).

Izinto zokwakha kanye nezakhiwo

Izinto zensimbi ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izesekeli yi-carbon steel, insimbi engagqwali, insimbi ekhonjiwe, i-aluminium, ithusi, ingilazi, irabha kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamapulasitiki.
Ukwengeza, ukufakwa kwamapayipi namapayipi ngezinhloso ezithile, ngezinye izikhathi ungqimba lwezinto ezibonakalayo ngekhwalithi ehluke ngokuphelele kusuka ekufakweni kwepayipi ngokwayo kufakwe ngaphakathi, "okuyizinto zokufakwa kwamapayipi".
Izinto ezihlangene zinqunywa ngokuyisisekelo lapho kukhethwa ipayipi. Ezimweni eziningi, izinto ezihlangene zifana nepayipi.

Ukufakwa kwepayipi elishiselwe izinqe: 45 °, 90 ° no-180 ° LR / SR izindololwane

Umsebenzi we elbow ukushintsha isiqondiso noma ukugeleza ohlelweni lwamapayipi. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, kunamathuba amahlanu, 45 °, 90 °, no-180 °, wonke okuyizinguqulo "zerediyasi ende". Ngaphezu kwalokho, 90 ° futhi 180 ° izindololwane yizinguqulo "zerediyasi emfushane".
Irediyasi ende nerediyasi emfushane
Izindololwane zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili, futhi ibanga abalishintshayo liyachazwa; Umugqa omaphakathi wesinye isiphetho ukuya ebusweni kwesinye isiphetho. Lokhu kubizwa ngebanga elithi “center to face”, elilingana ne-radius yendololwane.
“Indawo ephakathi kwendololwane yendololwane ende yokubhekana nebanga, elifushanisiwe ngokuthi LR, njalo” 1 ½ X usayizi wepayipi lokuzisholo (NPS) (1) ½ D) “Futhi” “Futhi” okufushane “indawo yendololwane ephakathi nendawo ukuya ebangeni lobuso, efushanisiwe ngokuthi Sr, noma ipayipi lokuzisholo usayizi.
Isibonelo, ngezansi, uzothola isikhungo sokubhekana nebanga lama-intshi angu-2-intshi (ibanga elithi “a” esithombeni).

1. Indololwane 90° – 2″ – LR : = 1½ x (25,4 x 2)A = 76.2 mm
2. Indololwane 180° – 2″ – LR : = 1½ x(25,4 x 2) x 2A= 152.4 mm
3. Indololwane 90° – 2″ – SR : = 1 x (25,4 x 2 )A = 50.8 mm
4. Indololwane 180° – 2″ – SR : = 1 x (25,4 x 2) x 2A = 101.6 mm

45 ° indololwane
Umsebenzi we-45 ° indololwane uyafana nalowo wendololwane engu-90 °, kodwa ukukalwa kobukhulu kuhlukile kulokho kuka-90 ° indololwane.
45 ° izinqe zokushisela indololwane

Irediyasi yendololwane engu-45 ° iyafana naleyo ka-90 ° LR (1 ½ D）。 Nokho, indawo emaphakathi kuya kobuso ayilingani nerediyasi njengendololwane engu-90 ° LR. Lesi isilinganiso esivela ebusweni ngabunye. empambanweni yomgwaqo eqonde emgqeni omaphakathi womunye. Ibanga esithombeni ngu-B. Lokhu kungenxa yokugoba okuncane. Irediyasi emfushane engu-45 ° izindololwane azikho.
Standard
Okusetshenziswa kakhulu yi-90 ° irediyasi ende kanye nendololwane engu-45 °, kuyilapho indololwane yerediyasi emfushane engu-90 ° isetshenziswa lapho isikhala sisincane kakhulu. Umsebenzi we-180 ° indololwane ukushintsha isiqondiso sokugeleza nge-180 °. Ubukhulu obuphakathi nendawo be-LR ne-SR buphindwe kabili kunendololwane engu-90 ° efanisiwe. Lezi zesekeli zivame ukusetshenziswa ezithandweni noma kwezinye izinto zokufudumeza noma zokupholisa.
Indololwane encishisiwe
Ngaphandle kwendololwane echaziwe, kukhona nendololwane enciphisayo, okuyindololwane enobubanzi obuhlukene emikhawulweni yomibili. Ngenxa yokuthi le ndololwane akuyona into evamile kubahlinzeki abaningi, ingase ibe nenani eliphezulu nesikhathi eside sokulethwa. Uma izimo zivuma, ukusebenzisa indololwane “evamile” enezinciphisi ezihlukene kuyinketho.
Ukushisela izinqe ezinciphisa indololwane

Izindololwane zamanye amadigri zingacutshungulwa kusukela ezindololwaneni ezijwayelekile. Izinhlobo zerediyasi ezinde, njengobukhulu obuphakathi nendawo ukuya kobuso obuphindwe kathathu kunosayizi wegama (3D), nazo ziyatholakala.
Ubukhulu nokubekezelelwa kobukhulu berediyasi ende namandololwane erediyasi emfushane kucaciswe ku-ASME B16 9.
Ukuqina kwendololwane
Iphuzu elibuthaka kakhulu endololwaneni yi-radius engaphakathi. I-ASME B16. 9 kuphela okuphakathi nendawo ukuze kubhekane nobukhulu futhi okunye ukubekezelela kobukhulu be-"perpendicularity" kuyamiswa. Ubukhulu bodonga endaweni yomugqa wokushisela buye bufane, kodwa hhayi ngezinye izingxenye zendololwane. Izinga libeka ukuthi ukubekezelelana okuncane kuzoba ngaphakathi kwe-12.5% ​​yobukhulu obuncane bodonga oluyaliwe lwepayipi. Ukubekezelelana okuphezulu kucaciswe kuphela kuzo zombili iziphetho zokuhlangana.

Ukufakwa kwamapayipi ashiselwe ngezinqe: i-tie eqondile kanye ne-tee enciphisayo

Inhloso enkulu ye- tee ukwenza igatsha elingu-90 ° emgwaqeni omkhulu wepayipi.
Kunamathuba amabili we-tee ejwayelekile: i-tee elinganayo futhi i-tee encishisiwe. I-tee elinganayo (noma i-straight tee) isetshenziselwa amapayipi egatsha anobubanzi obufana nepayipi. I-tee yokunciphisa ngokuvamile isetshenziswa lapho ububanzi bepayipi legatsha buncane kunelo lwepayipi.

Womabili ama-tee angama-butt welded tee

Ubukhulu namazinga
Uma sikhuluma nge tee yama-intshi amathathu, sisho i-tee elinganayo (i-straight tee).
3″ × 2 “tee isho i-tee enciphisayo. Nakuba i-tee ehlelekile yokunciphisa izomelwa ngamadayimitha amathathu, okungukuthi A - B - C, afana nesithombe sokunciphisa tee.
"Imele ububanzi bepayipi elilinganiselwe (NPS) lokungena kwamanzi;" B “imele ama-NP esitolo kanti u-C” umele ama-NP egatsha.
Ngakho-ke, amanye ama-tees anciphisa anosayizi wama-intshi angu-3, ​​usayizi we-C wamayintshi angu-3 kanye nosayizi ongu-B wama-intshi angu-2. Lesi isisho sama-diameter amathathu. Ngendlela ethile, kubaluleke kakhulu. Namuhla, amantombazane anjalo kanye ne-anomalies kunzima ukuyithola. Ngaphambi kokukhetha eyodwa, sebenzisa i-straight tee 3 “kanye ne-concentric or eccentric reducer 3” x2 “ukwenza into efanayo.
Amapayipi aqondile ama-butt welded tee atholakala kuwo wonke amadayimitha amapayipi akhona.
Ukunciphisa i-butt welding tee akulona icala ngoba osayizi abaningi abakhiqizwa noma abakwazi ukukhiqizwa.
Isibonelo, ama-intshi angu-6 × I-4-inch tee iyinto evamile, kodwa ama-intshi angu-16 × I-TEE engamayintshi amabili ingase ingatholakali ndawo. Akukona ukonga ukusebenzisa i-tee ye-intshi engu-16 ukuxhuma ipayipi legatsha lama-intshi angu-2; Kulesi simo, kusetshenziswa isixhumi segatsha noma uxhumano lwegatsha.

• Ifomula = (usayizi weheda / 2) - (1)

isibonelo. Usayizi weheda = 10 amayintshi, 2 amayintshi uxhumano lwegatsha liyadingeka.

• Ifomula = (10 “/ 2) – (1) = 4” (kufika ku-4 “ukuxhumana kwegatsha)

Note - okufanayo kusebenza kuwo wonke amalunga
Ngaphezu kwe-tee echazwe, kukhona ipayipi eqondile kanye ne-tee yokunciphisa, okungukuthi, i-tee enezitolo ezimbili. Asilokothi sisebenzise le tee kumapayipi ajwayelekile.
Okungenani hhayi embonini ye-petroleum namakhemikhali.
Equal butt welding cross tee

I-wall thick tee
Ku-tee, i-crotch radius (T) iyahlukahluka kumkhiqizi kuya kumkhiqizi, kodwa abanye baye basungula izidingo zabo, okuyizikhathi ezingu-1.3 ubukhulu bodonga ukuze kugcinwe i-crotch.
Ithi "crotch".

I-wall thick tee
I-ASME B16. 9-2003 Isigaba 2.2 ithiyori yokuklama ngokuhlanganyela.
…… Kulindeleke ukuthi ezinye izingxenye zokufakwa kwamapayipi okwenziwe zibe mkhulu kunodonga lwamapayipi olusetshenziselwa ukufaka amapayipi.

Ukufakwa kwepayipi elishiselwe izinqe: Isinciphisi

Nciphisa isetshenziselwa ukushintsha isiqondiso esisodwa sobubanzi bepayipi.
Izinga linamathuba amabili, izinciphisi ezigxilile, ezivame ukusetshenziselwa amapayipi amile, kanye nezinciphisi ze-eccentric zamapayipi avundlile.

Indiza ye-eccentric reducer iya phansi nangaphezulu
Emgqeni we-contour, kulayini ovundlile, i-eccentric reducer kumele imenyezelwe, noma ohlangothini oluyisicaba lwaphansi noma phezulu, kufanele luhlanganiswe.

Unqenqema oluyisicaba lwe-eccentric reducer lubheke phansi
Ngokwesibonelo:

• 1. Isinciphisi esine-eccentric esinonqenqema oluyisicaba ukuya phansi sivame ukusetshenziswa endaweni yokubeka ipayipi ukuze kugcinwe ipayipi likubude obufanayo ngemva kokushintshwa kosayizi wepayipi. Uma izinciphisi zekhanda eligxilile noma eliyisicaba zisetshenziswa kuzisekeli zamapayipi, imininingwane yazo yokusekela ingase ishintshe.
• 2. Isinciphisi sendiza eccentric ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa epayipini lokudonsa lephampu ukugwema ukunqwabelana kwe-cavitation. Izinciphisi ze-Eccentric zingagwema "izindawo ezifile" ezincane ngemuva kwezinciphisi ezigxilile.

I-butt weld joint. Ikhava noma isiphetho sekhanda

Ngokuyinhloko, ikhava izosetshenziswa ukuvala ukuphela kwepayipi. Njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni ongezansi, isembozo singasetshenziselwa bonke osayizi bamapayipi futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngezinye izinjongo.

Umkhawulo wokugcina ojwayelekile

I-BUTTWELD FITTING: ISIPHELO SOKUPHELA

I-Stub End izosetshenziswa njalo nge-Lap Joint flange, njenge-flange esekelayo; kokubili kukhonjisiwe esithombeni esingezansi.

I-Stub End

Nge-Stub End kanye ne-Lap Joint Flange
Lokhu kuxhunywa kwe-flange kusetshenziswa, kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinengcindezi ephansi futhi ezingabalulekile, futhi kuyindlela eshibhile yokufaka i-flanging.
Kuhlelo lwepayipi yensimbi engagqwali, isibonelo, i-carbon steel flange ingasetshenziswa, ngoba ayihlangene nomkhiqizo wepayipi.
I-Stub Ends iyatholakala cishe kuwo wonke ama-diameter amapayipi. Ubukhulu nokubekezelela kobukhulu kuchazwa kuzinga le-ASME B.16.9.
Ama-ASTM Amabanga
Ubukhulu, ukubekezelelwa kwe-dimensional kwekhabhoni esetshenzisiwe kanye nokufakwa kwensimbi ye-alloy kuchazwa kumazinga amaningana we-ASME. Izimfanelo ezibonakalayo zalokhu kufakwa zichazwa kumazinga we-ASTM.
Lawa mazinga e-ASTM, achaza inqubo ethile yokukhiqiza impahla futhi anqume ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okunembile kwamapayipi, okokufakwayo nama-flange, ngamaphesenti enani elivunyelwe lekhabhoni, i-magnesium, i-nickel, nokunye, futhi kukhonjiswe “Ibanga”.
Isibonelo, i-buttweld carbon steel fitting ingakhonjwa ngeBanga le-WPA noma i-WPB, i-buttweld efaka insimbi engagqwali neBanga WP304 noma iBanga WP321
Ngezansi uzothola njengesibonelo itafula elinezidingo zamakhemikhali zokufakwayo ngokuya nge-ASTM A403 Grade WP304, WP304L, WP316L kanye netafula elinamaBanga avamile, ahlelwe ngamapayipi namapayipi, ahlangene njengeqembu.

• Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ubonile, kuthebula elingezansi, i-ASTM A105 ayinalo iBanga. Kwesinye isikhathi i-ASTM A105N ichazwa;
• “N” akamele iBanga, kodwa ukujwayelekile. I-normalizing uhlobo lokwelapha ukushisa, olusebenza ezinsimbi ezinensimbi kuphela. Inhloso ye-normalization ukususa izingcindezi zangaphakathi ezibangelwa ukwelapha ukushisa, ukuphonsa, ukwakha nokunye.

Ukwakheka kwezidingo zamakhemikhali, %

	Ibanga WP304		Ibanga WP304L (A)	Ibanga WP316L (A, B)
Ikhabhoni, max	0.08		0.035	0.035
IManganese, max	2.00		2.00	2.00
Phosphorus, max	0.045		0.045	0.045
Isibabule, ubuningi	0.030		0.030	0.030
I-silicon, max	1.00		1.00	1.00
nickel	8.0-11.0		8.0-13.0	10.0-16.0
Chrome	18.0-20.0		18.0-20.0	16.0-18.0
I-Molybdenum	-		-	2.00-3.00
Ama-ASTM Amabanga
Material	Amapayipi	Ukufakwa	Ama-flanges, ama-fittings, Amaphayiphu	Amaphayiphu
CS	A106 Gr A	I-A234 Gr WPA	A105	I-A216 Gr WCB
	I-A106 Gr B	I-A234 Gr WPB	A105	I-A216 Gr WCB
	I-A106 Gr C	I-A234 Gr WPC	A105	I-A216 Gr WCB
CS ingxubevange	I-A335 Gr P1	I-A234 Gr WP1	I-A182 Gr F1	I-A217 Gr WC1
	I-A335 Gr P11	I-A234 Gr WP11	I-A182 Gr F11	I-A217 Gr WC6
	I-A335 Gr P12	I-A234 Gr WP12	I-A182 Gr F12	I-A217 Gr WC6
	I-A335 Gr P22	I-A234 Gr WP22	I-A182 Gr F22	I-A217 Gr WC9
	I-A335 Gr P5	I-A234 Gr WP5	I-A182 Gr F5	I-A217 Gr C5
	I-A335 Gr P9	I-A234 Gr WP9	I-A182 Gr F9	I-A217 Gr C12
CS ingxubevange	A333 gr5	I-A420 Gr WPL6	I-A350 Gr LF2	I-A352 Gr LCB
	A333 gr3	I-A420 Gr WPL3	I-A350 Gr LF3	I-A352 Gr LC3
I-Austenitic Insimbi	I-A312 Gr TP304	I-A403 Gr WP304	I-A182 Gr F304	I-A182 Gr F304
	I-A312 Gr TP316	I-A403 Gr WP316	I-A182 Gr F316	I-A182 Gr F316
	I-A312 Gr TP321	I-A403 Gr WP321	I-A182 Gr F321	I-A182 Gr F321
	I-A312 Gr TP347	I-A403 Gr WP347	I-A182 Gr F347	I-A182 Gr F347

IZINTO NGOKUKA-ASTM

AMAPILI

• I-A106 = Le ncazelo ihlanganisa ipayipi lensimbi ye-carbon yesevisi yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. 
• I-A335 = Lokhu kucaciswa kuhlanganisa ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo ye-ferritic alloy-steel yesevisi yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. 
• A333 = Lokhu kucaciswa kuhlanganisa ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo nelishiselwe kanye nengxubevange ehloselwe ukusetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa aphansi. 
• I-A312 = Ukucaciswa okujwayelekile kokungenamthungo, okushiselwe ngomthungo oqondile, futhi okubandayo okusebenzayo okushiselwe ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ehloselwe izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nesevisi yokugqwala evamile. 

UKUFAKWA

• I-A234 = Lokhu kucaciswa kuhlanganisa insimbi eyenziwe nge-carbon steel kanye ne-alloy steel fittings yokwakhiwa okungenamthungo nokushiselwe. 
• I-A420 = Ukucaciswa okujwayelekile kokufakwa kwamapayipi ensimbi ekhabhoni egayiwe nensimbi yengxubevange yesevisi yezinga lokushisa eliphansi. 
• I-A403 = Ukucaciswa okujwayelekile kokufakwa kwamapayipi ensimbi engenasici ye-austenitic. 

FLANGES

• A105 = Lokhu kucaciswa kuhlanganisa izindinganiso zezingxenye zamapayipi ensimbi yensimbi engumgunyathi, okungukuthi, ama-flange, okokufakwayo, ama-valve, nezinye izingxenye ezifanayo, ukuze zisetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zokucindezela ezimweni ezizungezile nezisezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu. 
• I-A182 = Lokhu kucaciswa kuhlanganisa ingxubevange efojiwe noma egoqiwe namapayipi ensimbi engagqwali, okokufaka okufojiwe, namavalvu nezingxenye zesevisi yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. 
• A350 = Lokhu kucaciswa kuhlanganisa amamaki ambalwa ekhabhoni kanye nensimbi ephansi ye-alloy efojiwe noma egoqelwe ngendandatho, okokufakwa okufojiwe namavalvu esevisi yezinga lokushisa eliphansi. 

AMAVAVAVU

• A216 = Lokhu kucaciswa kuhlanganisa ukukhishwa kwensimbi ye-carbon steel yamavalvu, ama-flange, okokufakwayo, noma ezinye izingxenye eziqukethe ukucindezela zesevisi yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nezisezingeni elifanele ukuhlanganisa nokunye okusansimbi noma izingxenye zensimbi ezikhandiwe ngokushisela okuhlanganisiwe. 
• A217 = Lokhu kucaciswa kuhlanganisa ukufakwa kwensimbi, insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic kanye nezinsimbi zensimbi zama-valve, ama-flange, okokufakwayo, nezinye izingxenye eziqukethe ukucindezela okuhloselwe ngokuyinhloko izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nesevisi egqwalayo. 
• A352 = Lokhu kucaciswa kuhlanganisa ukufakwa kwensimbi kwama-valve, ama-flange, okokufakwayo, nezinye izingxenye eziqukethe ukucindezela okuhloselwe ikakhulukazi isevisi yezinga lokushisa eliphansi. 
• I-A182 = Lokhu kucaciswa kuhlanganisa ingxubevange efojiwe noma egoqiwe namapayipi ensimbi engagqwali, okokufaka okufojiwe, namavalvu nezingxenye zesevisi yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

Incazelo kanye nemininingwane yokufakwa kwemicu

Ngokusho kwe-ASME B16 11 ejwayelekile
Uhlolojikelele lwamajoyinti anentambo
Amajoyinti anemicu angase amele indlela endala kakhulu yokuxhuma amasistimu amapayipi.
Njengamajoyinti ashiselwe enezisekelo, amajoyinti anentambo asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ububanzi obuncane (amapayipi amancane ububanzi); Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa amapayipi anedayamitha encane ye-NPS2 noma ngaphansi.
Amapayipi anemicu ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziphansi, ezingabalulekile njengamanzi asekhaya, ukuvikela umlilo kanye nezinhlelo zamanzi okupholisa ezimbonini.
Ukufakwa okunemicu kuvame ukwenziwa ngensimbi empunga noma ngensimbi egayiwe ethambile, ithusi eliphonswe noma ithusi, noma ingxubevange ehlanganisiwe nensimbi ye-carbon.
Anamazinga amathathu okucindezela: 2000lbs, 3000lbs kanye no-6000lbs.
Izinhlobo zokufakwa okufakwe imicu ngokwebanga nosayizi

Incazelo	Ukuqokwa Kwekilasi
	2000	3000	6000
Izindololwane 45 futhi 90 degrees Tees, Iziphambano, Coupling I-Half-Coupling, Cap	1 / 2 - 4	1 / 2 - 2	1 / 2 - 2
	1 / 2 - 4	1 / 2 - 2	1 / 2 - 2
	1 / 2 - 4	1 / 2 - 2	1 / 2 - 2
I-Pipe Wall	I-SCH 80 kanye ne-XS	I-SCH 160	XXS

IZITHOMBE - ZINUCHWEPHESHE 

1. Indololwane Enemicu 90° 
 
Le Elbow yenza izinguquko ezingu-90 ° lapho kuhamba khona ipayipi.
2. UTee Onentambo

Le Tee yenza igatsha elingu-90° ukusuka endaweni ehamba phambili yepayipi.   

3. Isiphambano Esinentambo

I-Threaded Crosses yenza igatsha elingu-90° ukusuka ekugijimeni okukhulu kwepayipi.

4. Indololwane Enemicu 45°

Le Elbow yenza izinguquko ezingu-45 ° lapho kuhamba khona ipayipi.

5. Ukuhlanganisa Okugcwele Okunemicu

Okubizwa ngokuthi Ukuhlanganisa, kuhlanganisa ipayipi elibili noma ku-a ingono njll

6. I-Threaded Cap (End Cap)

Ivala ipayipi elinentambo.

7. Intambo Half-Coupling

I-Half Coupling ingafakwa ngokuqondile kwipayipi yokugijima, ukwenza uxhumano lwegatsha.                
8. I-Tlug ye-Square Head Plug

9. I-Hex Head Plug enentambo

10. I-Plug Yekhanda Eliyindilinga Enentambo

11. I-Threaded Hex Head Bushing

Ingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukufakwa kwentambo.

12. I-Threaded Union (MSS SP-83)

Izinyunyana ngokuyinhloko zisetshenziselwa ukugcinwa nokufaka izinjongo.
Idizayini ehlanganisiwe eyisikulufu futhi iqukethe izingcezu ezintathu ezixhumene: imicu emibili yangaphakathi kanye nesiqephu esimaphakathi esidonsa iziphetho ndawonye lapho sizungeziswa. 

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kokufakwa okufakwe imicu

Advantage

• Ukusebenza kahle kokufaka kumaphakathi, futhi izimfuneko zamakhono okufaka ochwepheshe aziphezulu.
• Ubuqotho bokuvuza buhle ekufakweni kwengcindezi ephansi kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi ngaphandle kokudlidliza.

Okumbi

• Ngenxa yomehluko ekwandeni okushisayo phakathi kwamapayipi nokufakwa, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa ngokushesha kungase kuholele ekuvuzeni.
• Ngenxa yomphumela wokuqinisa ukucindezeleka okuphezulu okubangelwa inothi ebukhali engezansi kwentambo, ukudlidliza kungase kuholele ekuhlulekeni kokukhathala kokuhlangana kwepayipi elinentambo.
• Ukushisela isokhethi akwamukelekile ezinhlelweni zamapayipi ezibandakanya izinsiza zenuzi noma ezikhipha imisebe, noma ezinsizeni zokugqwala ezinezixazululo ezikhuthaza ukuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezi noma amaseli agxilile. Ngokuvamile, ama-welds e-butt ayadingeka kubo bonke osayizi bamapayipi, futhi ama-welds angena ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kwepayipi.
• Ezinhlelweni zamapayipi ayingozi, ukuxhumana okunentambo kufanele kugwenywe uma kungenzeka. Basengozini yokulimala kokukhathala, ikakhulukazi lapho izintambo eziveziwe zigqwalile.

Note: kusayizi omncane, ukujiya kodonga olulahlekile ngesikhathi soxhumano lwentambo empeleni kulingana cishe no-55% wodonga lwamapayipi okuqala.

Incazelo kanye nemininingwane yokufakwa kwe-socket welded

Ngokusho kwe-ASME B16 11 ejwayelekile
Ukubuka konke kokufakwa kwamapayipi ashiselwe isokhethi
I-Socket weld imininingwane yokuxhuma ipayipi lapho ipayipi ifakwa endaweni evaliwe ye-valve, i-fitting, noma i-flange.
Ihluke ezingxenyeni zepayipi ezishiselwe izinqe, izingxenye zepayipi eziphothiwe zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ububanzi obuncane (ipayipi elincane lobubanzi); Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa amapayipi anedayamitha encane ye-NPS2 noma ngaphansi.
Ukuze uxhume ipayipi ngepayipi lama-valve kanye nokufakwa noma ezinye izingxenye, i-fillet seal welding izosetshenziswa. Lapho ubuqotho bokuvuza okuphezulu namandla aphezulu esakhiwo kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile ekwakhiweni, ukwakheka kwe-socket welding kuyisinqumo esihle.
Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-fillet welds kanye ne-geometry ehlangene engazelelwe, ukumelana nokukhathala kuphansi kunalokho kwezakhiwo ezishiselwe izinqe, kodwa kusengcono kunezindlela eziningi zokuxhuma ngomshini.

Eminye imininingwane yokufakwa kwamapayipi ashiselwe isokhethi

I-Socket welded pipe iwuhlobo lokufakwa kwepayipi lokucindezela okuphezulu, elisetshenziswa ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zezimboni.
Asetshenziselwa amapayipi athutha izinto ezivuthayo, ezinobuthi noma ezibizayo ngaphandle kokuvuza, futhi asetshenziselwa ukuthutha umusi we-psi ongama-300 kuya ku-600.
Asetshenziswa kuphela namapayipi e-ASME futhi anobubanzi obufanayo bosayizi.
Ziyizinkambu ezihlala njalo zobunjiniyela bamapayipi futhi zenzelwe ukunikeza izici ezinhle zokugeleza.
Akhiqizwa ngokuhambisana namazinga amaningana e-ASTM futhi ngokuhambisana nokukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kwe-ASME B16 11. B16. Izinga lifaka isigaba sezinga lokushisa lokucindezela, ubukhulu, ukubekezelela, izimfuneko zokumaka kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo ze-Forged Carbon kanye nezinsimbi ze-alloy. Amafomu ezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezamukelekayo ahlanganisa ama-forging, imigoqo, amapayipi angenamthungo namapayipi angenamthungo, ahlangabezana nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, indlela yokuncibilika kanye nezakhiwo eziwumshini zezisekeli ku-ASTM A105, A182 noma A350.
Banamazinga amathathu okucindezela. 3000lbs, 6000lbs kanye 9000lbs.
Izinhlobo zokufakwa kwamapayipi ashiselwe ngesokhethi ngokwebanga, usayizi nokuqina kodonga

Incazelo	Ukuqokwa Kwekilasi
	I-3000 Lbs	I-6000 Lbs	I-9000 Lbs
Izindololwane 45 futhi 90 degrees, Tees, Iziphambano, Couplings, I-Half-Couplings, I-End or Pipe Caps	½ – 4	½ – 2	½ – 2
	½ – 4	½ – 2	½ – 2
	½ – 4	½ – 2	½ – 2
Ubukhulu be-Pipe by Ukuqina Kwezindonga	I-SCH 80 ne-XS	I-SCH 160	XXS

Izinzuzo kanye nebubi bokufakwa kwamapayipi ashiselwe isokhethis

Advantage
Akudingekile ukuthungatha ipayipi ngesikhathi sokulungiselela i-welding.
I-welding yesikhashana ye-tack ayidingi ukuqondanisa ngoba, ngokomthetho, i-joint iqinisekisa ukuqondanisa okulungile.
Insimbi yokushisela ngeke ingene emgodini wepayipi.
Angasetshenziswa esikhundleni sokuhlanganisa ama-threaded, ngakho-ke ingozi yokuvuza incane kakhulu.
I-Radiography ye-diagonal welds ayinangqondo, ngakho-ke ukuhlanganisa okulungile nokushisela kubaluleke kakhulu. Ama-welds we-Fillet angahlolwa ngokuhlola indawo, izinhlayiya kazibuthe (MP) noma ukuhlolwa kwe-liquid penetrant (PT).
Njengoba zingekho izidingo eziqinile ezifanayo futhi ukucutshungulwa okukhethekile kokulungiswa kokuphela kwe-butt weld kuqediwe, izindleko zokwakha ziphansi kunalezo ze-butt weld.

Okumbi
Umshiseli kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi kukhona igebe lokunweba elingu-1/16 intshi (1.6 mm) phakathi kwepayipi nehlombe lesokhethi.
I-ASME B31. Isigaba 1. 127.3 ukulungiswa kokushisela (E) umhlangano wesokhethi wokushisela.
Emhlanganweni ohlanganyelwe ngaphambi kokushisela, ipayipi noma ipayipi kufanele ifakwe esokhethi ekujuleni okuphezulu, bese ikhishwa cishe ngo-1/16 intshi (1.6 mm) kude nokuxhumana phakathi kokuphela kwepayipi kanye nehlombe lesokhethi.
Izikhala zokunwetshwa kanye nezikhala zangaphakathi ezishiywe ezinhlelweni zokushisela amasokhethi zikhuthaza ukugqwala futhi zizenze zingakufanelekeli ukugqwala noma izinhlelo ezikhipha imisebe, lapho ukunqwabelana okuqinile emajoyintini kungaholela ekusebenzeni noma ezinkingeni zokunakekelwa. Ngokuvamile, ama-welds e-butt ayadingeka kubo bonke osayizi bamapayipi, futhi ama-welds angena ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kwepayipi.
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-ultra-high hydrostatic pressure (UHP) embonini yokudla, ama-socket welds akwamukeleki ngoba awavumeli ukungena okuphelele futhi ashiye ukugqagqana kanye nezikhala okunzima ukuzihlanza, okuholela ekuvuzeni okubonakalayo.
Inhloso yokubeka igebe eliphansi ku-socket welding ngokuvamile ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka okusele empandeni ye-weld, ngoba ukucindezeleka okusalayo kungase kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokuqiniswa kwensimbi ye-weld futhi kuvumele ukwandiswa okuhlukile kwezakhi zokukhwelana.

IZIHLANGANO ZOKUSEBENZA KWEZINHLELO ZOKUSHISA

1. I-SW Full-Coupling

Ukuhlanganisa okubizwa ngokuthi, ukuhlanganisa ipayipi elibili noma ingono njll
2. SW Half-Coupling

I-Half Coupling ingafakwa ngokuqondile kwipayipi yokugijima, ukwenza uxhumano lwegatsha.
3. I-SW Ukunciphisa Ukuhlanganisa

Amajoyinti ama-iameter amabili ahlukene epayipi.
4. Faka i-SW Reducer

Amasokhethi Weld Reducer Insert akhiqizwa abe yi-MSS SP-79.
Avumela inhlanganisela esheshayo neyomnotho yokuncishiswa kwamapayipi ukuze kwenziwe kusetshenziswa ukufakwa okujwayelekile kwe-socket weld. 
5. I-SW Union (MSS SP-83)

Izinyunyana ngokuyinhloko zisetshenziselwa ukugcinwa nokufaka izinjongo.
Idizayini ehlanganisiwe eyisikulufu futhi iqukethe izingcezu ezintathu ezixhumene: imicu emibili yangaphakathi kanye nesiqephu esimaphakathi esidonsa iziphetho ndawonye.
Uma izungezisiwe. Izinyunyana kufanele ziboshwe ziqine ngaphambi kokuba iziphetho zishiselwe 
Ukuze unciphise ukungqubuzana kwezihlalo. 
6. Indololwane SW 90°

Le Elbow makes 90° izinguquko zendlela lapho ipayipi ligijima.
7. Indololwane SW 45°

Le Elbow yenza izinguquko ezingu-45 ° lapho kuhamba khona ipayipi.
8. SW Tee

Le Tee yenza igatsha elingu-90° ukusuka endaweni ehamba phambili yepayipi.
9. SW Isiphambano

I-SW Crosses yenza igatsha elingu-90° ukusuka ekugijimeni okukhulu kwepayipi.
10. I-SW Cap (I-Cap yokuphela)

Ivala ukuphela kwepayipi.

Yini i-flange?

Flange kuyingxenye yokuxhuma i-shaft ku-shaft, esetshenziselwa ukuxhumana phakathi kokuphela kwepayipi; iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinto ezimbili, njenge-reducer flange, endaweni yokungena nokuphuma kwezinto zokusebenza. Uxhumano lwe-Flange noma i-flange joint ibhekisela ekuxhumekeni okukhiphekayo ne-flange, i-gasket kanye ne-bolt njengeqembu lesakhiwo sokuhlanganisa esihlanganisiwe. I-flange yepayipi isho i-flange esetshenziselwa ukubhobhoza emshinini wepayipi, futhi okokusebenza, ibhekisela ekungeneni nasekuphumeni kwezinto zokusebenza. Kunezimbobo ku-flange, futhi amabhawodi enza ama-flange amabili axhumeke ngokuqinile. I-flange ivalwe nge-gasket. I-Flange ihlukaniswe ngokuxhuma okunentambo (uxhumano olunezintambo) i-flange, i-welding flange kanye ne-clamp flange. I-Flange isetshenziswa ngababili, ipayipi elinengcindezi ephansi lingasebenzisa i-screw flange, amakhilogremu angaphezu kwamane okucindezela asebenzisa i-welding flange. Faka i-gasket phakathi kwamapuleti amabili e-flange, bese uwabopha ngamabhawodi. Ubukhulu be-flange bengcindezi ehlukene buhlukile, futhi basebenzisa amabhawodi ahlukene.

Izinto ze-flanges

Insimbi engagqwali
0Cr18Ni9,00Cr19Ni10,0Cr25Ni20,0Cr18Ni10Ti,00Cr17Ni14Mo2,F304/304L,F316/316L,F321,F321H,F317L,F310,
I-A182 F44(UNS31254),1.4404,1.4307,1.4541,1.4571
I-Duplex ne-Super Duplex
A812 F51/UNS1803,F53/UNS32750,F55/UNS32760,1.4426,1.4410
carbon steel
20#,A105,A350 LF1/LF2/LF3,MSS SP44 & A694 F42/46/52/60/65/70
I-alloy steel
A182 F1/F5a/F9/F11/F12/F22/F91
Izincwajana zemininingwane
I-Copper-Nickle Alloy, i-Titanium, i-Aluminium, i-Monel, i-lnconel, i-Hastelloy nezinye izinto ezikhethekile
Izinga lokukhiqiza lama-flanges:
GB/T9112-9124,GB/T13402,GB/T3406,HG/T20615-20623,HG/T20592-20605,JPI-7S-15,DIN,AWWAC207,API,ASME B16.5/B16.47/B16.36/B16.48,JIS2220/2238,EN1092-1

Izinga lokucindezela kwama-flanges

Ama-flange amaningi ezingeni ngalinye ahlukaniswe "amakilasi okucindezela", kuye ngokuthi amazinga ahlukene okucindezela akwazi ukubekezelela. Amakilasi okucindezela ama-flange ajwayelekile kakhulu ngu-#150, #300, #600, #900, #1500, #2500 kanye no-#3000 ngokusho kwe-ASME. Kwezinye izindinganiso, njenge-DIN, amakilasi okucindezela achazwa yi-acronym PN, njengesibonelo, PN10, PN16, PN20, PN25, PN40, PN50, PN100, PN150, PN250 noma PN420. Ama-flange avela ezigabeni ezihlukene zengcindezi awavamisile ukushintshashintsha.

Izinhlobo zama-flanges

IGCOKAMA ELISHISELELA FLANGE

 .    

I-welding neck flange (“WN”) ifaka ihabhu elide elicijile elingashiselwa ngepayipi.

Ama-Welding Neck Flanges kulula ukuwabona kuhabhu ende ene-tapered, ehamba kancane kancane iye phezulu kugqinsi olusuka epayipini noma okokufaka.

Ihabhu ende ene-tapered ihlinzeka ngokuqiniswa okubalulekile okuzosetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezimbalwa ezifaka umfutho ophezulu, i-sub-zero kanye / noma amazinga okushisa aphakeme. Ushintsho olubushelelezi olusuka kugqinsi lwe-flange luye kwipayipi noma ukujiya kodonga olufanelekile olwenziwe yi-taper kunenzuzo kakhulu, ngaphansi kwezimo zokugoba okuphindaphindiwe, okubangelwa ukunwetshwa komugqa noma amanye amandla aguquguqukayo.

Lawa ma-flange anesithukuthezi ukuze afane nobubanzi bangaphakathi bepayipi lokukhwelana noma ukuhlanganisa ngakho ngeke kube nomkhawulo wokugeleza komkhiqizo. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuxokozela ejoyintini futhi kunciphisa ukuguguleka. Ziphinde zinikeze ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi okuhle kakhulu ngehabhu elicishiwe futhi zenziwe nge-radiograph kalula ukuze kutholwe amaphutha.

Lolu hlobo lwe-flange luzoshiselwa epayipini noma lufakwe ngokungena okukodwa okugcwele, i-V weld (Buttweld).

IGCOKAMA ELIDE

Ama-long weld neck flanges ("LWN") afana ne-weld neck flanges, ngaphandle kokuthi intamo (ihabhu le-tapered) inwetshiwe futhi yenza njengesandiso esiyisicefe.

SHELELA KU-FLANGE

     

I-slip-on flange ixhunywe kwipayipi noma okokufakwayo ngama-welds amabili we-fillet, eyodwa ibulawa ngaphakathi kanti enye ingaphandle komgodi we-flange.

Amandla abaliwe avela ku-Slip On flange ngaphansi kwengcindezi yangaphakathi ayi-oda lezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ze-Welding Neck flanges, futhi ukuphila kwabo ngaphansi kokukhathala cishe kuyingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yakamuva.

Ukuxhumana nepayipi kwenziwa nge-2 fillet welds, nangaphandle nangaphakathi kwe-flange.

Isilinganiso esingu-X esithombeni, cishe:
Ubukhulu bodonga lwepayipi + 3 mm.

Lesi sikhala siyadingeka, ukuze ungalimazi ubuso be-flange, ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela.

Ububi be-flange ukuthi, leso simiso ngaso sonke isikhathi okokuqala ipayipi kufanele lishiselwe bese liyalingana. Inhlanganisela ye-flange nendololwane noma i-flange ne-tee ayinakwenzeka, ngenxa yokuthi izifakelo eziqanjwe igama azinawo umkhawulo oqondile, leso silayidi esiphelele ku-Slip On flange.

I-WELD NECK VS SLIP KU-FLANGE

Amajoyinti anama-flanged enziwe ngama-slip-on flanges, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abuthakathaka kancane kunokuxhumana okwenziwe nge-welding neck flanges (ezimweni zesevisi ezifanayo). Lokhu kubonakala ngenxa yamaqiniso alandelayo:

• i-welding neck flange ifaka ihabhu elicijile, elingekho ku-socket weld flange, esabalalisa ukucindezeleka komshini phakathi kwepayipi ne-flange ngokulinganayo.
• ijoyinti yentamo yokushisela njengendawo eyodwa yokushisela esikhundleni sezimbili (i-socket weld flange).

Enye inzuzo ye-welding neck flange ukuthi ingaxhunywa noma kumapayipi nokufakwa, kanti ama-socket weld flanges suit amapayipi kuphela.

I-FLANGE EYILUHLU

      

Ama-flange anemicu ahlanganiswe namapayipi ngokukrufusha ipayipi (elinomucu wesilisa, ngokuvamile i-NPT I-ASME B1.20.1) ku-flange, ngaphandle kokushisela komthungo (ezimweni ezithile, noma kunjalo, ama-welds amancane asetshenziswa ukwandisa amandla okuxhumana).

AmaFlange anemicu asetshenziselwa izimo ezikhethekile ngenzuzo yawo eyinhloko ukuthi angaxhunywa kwipayipi ngaphandle kokushisela. Kwesinye isikhathi i-seal weld ibuye isetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nokuxhuma okufakwe imicu.

Nakuba kusatholakala ngosayizi abaningi nezilinganiso zokucindezela, ukufakwa kwezikulufi namuhla kusetshenziswa cishe ngokukhethekile kumasayizi amapayipi amancane.

I-flange ene-threaded noma i-fitting ayifanele isistimu yepayipi enezindonga ezincane, ngoba ukusika intambo embhobho akunakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, ukujiya kodonga kufanele kukhethwe…yini ugqinsi?

I-ASME B31.3 Piping Guide ithi:
Lapho ipayipi lensimbi licutshungulwa futhi lisetshenziselwa isevisi yesitimu engaphezu kuka-250 psi noma isevisi yamanzi ngaphezu kuka-100 psi namazinga okushisa amanzi angaphezu kuka-220° F, ipayipi ngeke likwazi ukufinyeleleka futhi libe nogqinsi okungenani olulingana neshejuli engu-80 ye-ASME B36.10.

I-SOCKET WELD FLANGE

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I-LAP JOINT FLANGE

IZINHLOBO EZIKHETHEKILE ZAMA-FLANGES

NIPOFLANGE

I-Nipoflange isetshenziselwa amapayipi egatsha angama-degree angu-90 futhi iwumkhiqizo owenziwe ngokuhlanganisa i-welding neck flange ne-Nipolet eyenziwe ngomgunyathi..

Nokho, i-Nipoflange iwucezu olulodwa oluqinile lwensimbi engumgunyathi hhayi imikhiqizo emibili ehlukene eshiselwe ndawonye.

Ukufaka i-Nipoflange, abasebenzi bamapayipi kufanele bashise ingxenye ye-Nipolet yedivayisi epayipini lokugijima futhi babophe ingxenye evulekile ku-flange yepayipi elinegatsha.

Ama-Nipoflange atholakala ngezinto ezahlukene, njenge-carbon steel ASTM A105 (isevisi yokushisa okuphezulu), i-ASTM A350 (i-carbon steel enezinga lokushisa eliphansi), i-ASTM A182 (amabanga ensimbi engagqwali, okuhlanganisa i-duplex ne-super duplex) nama-alloys e-nickel (Inconel, Incoloy , Hastelloy, njll).

Ama-Nipoflange nawo akhiqizwa ngokuhlukile okuqinisiwe, okunamandla engeziwe emishini uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Nipoflange evamile.

WELDOFLANGE

I-Weldoflange ngokwengqondo ifana ne-Nipoflange, njengoba iyinhlanganisela ye-weld neck flange kanye ukuxhumeka kwegatsha (i-Weldolet kuleli cala). Ama-Weldoflanges enziwe ngocezu olulodwa lwensimbi eqinile eqinile, hhayi ngokushisela izingxenye ezihlukene ndawonye.

ELBOFLANGE KANYE LATROFLANGE

Ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu ze-flange Outlets yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-Elboflange (inhlanganisela ye-flange ne-Elbolet) kanye ne-"Latroflange" (inhlanganisela ye-flange ne-Latrolet). Ama-Elboflange asetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa ipayipi kuma-degree angama-45.

I-SWIVEL FLANGE

Ama-swivel ring flange enza kube lula ukuqondana kwezimbobo zebhawodi phakathi kwama-flange amabili okukhwelana, isici esiwusizo ezimweni eziningi, njengokufakwa kwamapayipi amakhulu obubanzi, amapayipi angaphansi kolwandle nasogwini, amapayipi asebenza emanzini angashoni nasezindaweni ezifanayo.Ama-Swivel flange uwoyela, igesi, ama-hydrocarbon, amanzi, amakhemikhali nolunye uketshezi oludingekayo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-petrochemical kanye nokulawulwa kwamanzi.

Endabeni yepayipi elikhulu lobubanzi, isibonelo, ipayipi ifakwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, nge-flange evamile yentamo ye-welding, kanye ne-flange ejikelezayo ngakolunye uhlangothi: ngokumane ujikeleze i-swivel flange kwipayipi, opharetha. ingafinyelela ukuqondanisa okuphelele kwezimbobo zebholidi ngendlela elula futhi esheshayo.

Amazinga amakhulu ama-swivel ring flanges yi-ASME/ANSI, DIN, BS, EN, ISO, njll. Izinga elivame kakhulu lokusetshenziswa kwe-petrochemical yi-ANSI/ASME B16.5 noma i-ASME B16.47.

Ama-swivel flange atholakala kuzo zonke izimo ezijwayelekile zama-flange ajwayelekile, okungukuthi i-weld-neck, i-slip-on, i-lap-joint, i-socket weld njll, kuwo wonke amabanga wezinto ezibonakalayo nakububanzi obubanzi (osayizi bangahluka kusuka ku-3/8" 60” futhi isilinganiso sokucindezela kusuka ku-150 kuye ku-2500).

Ama-Swivel flanges angenziwa nge-carbon steel (ASTM A105), i-alloy steel (ASTM A182 F1, A182 F5, A182 F9, A182 F91), kanye, nensimbi engagqwali (ASTM A182 F304, A182 F304L, A182 F316, A182L316).

INWEBA I-FLANGE (“EXPANDER”)

Ukwandisa ama-flange, noma "ama-expander flange", asetshenziselwa ukwandisa ukubhoboza kwepayipi ukusuka endaweni ethile ukuya kwelinye noma ukuxhuma amapayipi kwamanye amadivaysi emishini njengamaphampu, ama-compressor, nama-valve anobukhulu obuhlukene bokungena.

I-flange ekhulayo emele esithombeni i-flange yentamo ye-welding ene-bore enkulu ekugcineni okungenayo i-flanged.

Ukwandisa ama-flanges kungasetshenziswa ukwandisa ukubhoboza kwepayipi lokugijima kuphela ngosayizi owodwa noma ubukhulu ababili hhayi ngaphezulu (isibonelo: kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-3 noma umkhawulo wamayintshi angu-4).

Ama-Expander flange ayisixazululo esishibhile (futhi esilula) uma kuqhathaniswa nenhlanganisela ye-a buttweld reducer kanye ne-flange ejwayelekile (okuyisisombululo esijwayelekile sokukhuphuka kwamapayipi ngaphezu kwamasayizi angu-2).

Izinto ezivame kakhulu zokwandisa ama-flange yi-A105 (i-high-temp. carbon steel), i-A350 (LTCS) ne-ASTM A182 (insimbi engagqwali nangaphezulu).
Izilinganiso zokucindezela kanye nobukhulu bama-flanges akhulayo ahambisana ne- I-ANSI/ASME B16.5 imininingwane futhi itholakala ngobuso obuphakanyisiwe noma obuyisicaba (RF, FF).

Umdwebo we-ASME flange enwebekayo.

UKUNCIPHISA FLANGE (“REDUCER”)

I-reducer flange

Ukunciphisa ama-flange, okunye okubizwa ngokuthi ama-reducer flange, anomsebenzi ophambene kunama-expander flange abonwe ngenhla, okungukuthi. zisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukubhoboza kwepayipi.

Ibhore yepayipi eligijima lingancishiswa ngokuphepha ngosayizi ongu-1 noma ama-2 kuphela (uma kungenjalo isisombululo esisekelwe ekuhlanganiseni kwe-butt weld reducer kanye ne-flange ejwayelekile kufanele isetshenziswe).

Ama-flange ancishiswayo atholakala ngosayizi abaningi namabanga abalulekile, futhi awavamile ukutholakala esitokweni.

Ukunciphisa ama-flange alandela ukucatshangelwa okufanayo mayelana nokucaciswa, ubukhulu kanye namabanga wezinto ezibonakalayo njengama-expander flange.

UKWAHLUKANISWA KOBUSO FLANGE

Enye ipharamitha ebalulekile yokuchaza i-flange ubuso be-flange. Kukhona othishanhloko abahlanu izinhlobo zobuso be-flange ongakubona ngezansi.

• Ubuso Obucaba (FF): I-Flat Face flange ine-gasket surface endizeni efanayo nobuso bendilinga ebophayo. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa ama-flange obuso obuyisicaba ngokuvamile yilawo lapho i-flange yokukhwelana noma i-flanged fitting yenziwe ngokusakazwa.
• Ubuso Obuphakanyisiwe (RF): I-Raised Face flange iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu olusetshenziswa ekucubunguleni izinhlelo zezitshalo, futhi kulula ukuyibona. Kubizwa ngokuthi ubuso obuphakanyisiwe ngenxa yokuthi izindawo ze-gasket ziphakanyiswe ngaphezu kobuso bendilinga ebophayo. Lolu hlobo lobuso luvumela ukusetshenziswa kwenhlanganisela ebanzi yemiklamo ye-gasket, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo zeshidi lendandatho eyisicaba kanye nezinhlanganisela zensimbi ezifana nesilonda esivunguzayo kanye nezinhlobo eziboshwe kabili.
• I-Ring-Type Joint (RTJ): Banemifantu esike ebusweni babo okuyinto steel ring gaskets. Ama-flanges ayavala lapho amabhawodi aqinisiwe ecindezela i-gasket phakathi kwama-flanges angene emiseleni, akhubaze i-gasket ukuze enze insimbi ibe insimbi.
• I-Tongue-and-Groove (T&G): Ubuso be-Tongue kanye ne-Groove balawa ma-flange kufanele bufaniswe. Ubuso obunye be-flange bunendandatho ephakanyisiwe (Ulimi) efakwe ebusweni be-flange kuyilapho i-flange yokukhwelana inokucindezeleka okufanayo (I-Groove) efakwe ebusweni bayo.
• Owesilisa-Owesifazane (M&F): Ngalolu hlobo ama-flange nawo kufanele afaniswe. Ubuso obunye be-flange bunendawo edlulela ngale kobuso obujwayelekile be-flange (Owesilisa). Enye i-flange noma i-flange yokukhwelana inokucindezeleka okufanayo (Owesifazane) okufakwe ebusweni bayo.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-flange

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-Flange ihlukaniswe ngokuyinhloko ekubumbeni, ukuphonsa, ukusika, ukugoqa lezi ezine.

(1). Faka i-flange ne-flange ehlanganisiwe
Ukuma nobukhulu be-cast blank kunembile, inani lomshini lincane futhi izindleko ziphansi, kodwa kukhona ukukhubazeka kokukhipha (i-porosity, i-crack kanye nokufakwa); ukugeleza kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi sokubunjwa kumpofu (uma kuyingxenye yokusika, ukugeleza kubi kakhulu);
I-Flange efojiwe ivamise ukuba nekhabhoni ephansi kune-cast flange futhi akulula ukugqwala. I-forging ine-streamline enhle, isakhiwo esihlangene kanye nezakhiwo ezingcono zemishini kune-cast flange;
Uma inqubo yokubumba ingalungile, kuzoba nezinhlamvu ezinkulu noma ezingalingani, imifantu eqinile, futhi izindleko zokubumba ziphakeme kunezokusakaza i-flange.
Ama-Forgings angathwala amandla aphezulu okugunda kanye namandla aqinile kune-casting.
Izinzuzo zokulingisa ukuthi zingakhiqiza isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezindleko eziphansi;
I-forging inezinzuzo zesakhiwo sangaphakathi esifanayo futhi akukho ukukhubazeka okulimazayo njengama-pores kanye nokufaka ekubunjweni;
Umehluko phakathi kwe-casting flange ne-forging flange uhlukile kunqubo yokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, i-centrifugal flange ingenye ye-casting flange.
I-Centrifugal flange iwuhlobo lwe-flange olukhiqizwa ngokunemba kokusakazwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusakazwa kwesihlabathi okuvamile, ukwakheka kwe-centrifugal flange kuhle kakhulu futhi izinga layo liyathuthukiswa. Akulula ukuba nesakhiwo esixekethile, i-porosity, imbobo yesihlabathi nezinye izinkinga.
Okokuqala, sidinga ukwazi ukuthi i-centrifugal flange ikhiqizwa kanjani. Inqubo kanye nemikhiqizo ye-centrifugal casting yokwenza i-flange ye-welding flat ibonakala ngezinyathelo zenqubo ezilandelayo:

• ① faka insimbi eluhlaza ekhethiwe esithandweni somlilo esiphakathi nendawo ukuze incibilike, ukuze izinga lokushisa lensimbi encibilikisiwe lifinyelele ku-1600-1700 ℃;
• ② Shisisa isikhunta sensimbi sibe ngu-800-900 ℃ futhi ugcine izinga lokushisa elingashintshi;
• ③ qala i-centrifuge, faka amanzi ensimbi esinyathelweni ① esibunjeni sensimbi ngemva kokushisa kwangaphambili esinyathelweni ②;
• ④ ukulingisa kupholiswe ngokwemvelo ku-800-900 ℃ futhi kugcinwe imizuzu engu-1-10;
• ⑤ pholisa ngamanzi ukuze ufinyelele izinga lokushisa elivamile, susa futhi ukhiphe ukusakaza.

Ake sifunde mayelana nenqubo yokukhiqiza ye-flange ehlanganisiwe:

 
The inqubo yokuqamba ngokuvamile yakhiwa lezi zinqubo ezilandelayo: ukuvala, ukufudumeza, ukwakha kanye nokupholisa ngemva kokufoja. Inqubo yokubumba ihlanganisa ukufoja mahhala, ukufojisa ukufa kanye ne-die forging. Ekukhiqizeni, izindlela zokubumba ezihlukene zikhethwa ngokuya ngekhwalithi yokubumba kanye neqoqo lokukhiqiza.
Ukufoja kwamahhala kunokukhiqiza okuphansi kanye nesibonelelo esikhulu sokwenza imishini, kodwa ithuluzi lilula futhi lisebenza ngezindlela eziningi, ngakho-ke lisetshenziswa kabanzi ukwenza ucezu olulodwa kanye nama-batch forgings amancane anomumo olula. Imishini yokubumba yamahhala ihlanganisa isando somoya, isando somoya we-steam kanye nomshini wokunyathelisa we-hydraulic, olungele ukukhiqizwa kwama-forging amancane, aphakathi nendawo namakhulu ngokulandelana. I-Die forging inezinzuzo zokukhiqiza okuphezulu, ukusebenza okulula, ukwenza imishini kanye ne-automation. Ama-die forging anobude obuphezulu bokunemba, imvume yomshini omncane kanye nokusabalalisa kwesakhiwo sefayibha okunengqondo, okungase kuthuthukise impilo yesevisi yezingxenye.
Inqubo eyisisekelo yokufoja mahhala: ngesikhathi sokufoja mahhala, ukwakheka kwama-forging kancane kancane kwenziwa kube yizikhala ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezithile eziyisisekelo zokuguquguquka. Inqubo eyisisekelo yokufoja mahhala ihlanganisa ukucasula, ukudweba, ukubhoboza, ukugoba nokusika.

• 1. Ukucasula nokucasula kuyinqubo yokwenza i-billet yasekuqaleni eduze kwesiqondiso se-axial ukunciphisa ukuphakama kwayo nokwandisa ingxenye yayo yesiphambano. Le nqubo ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izikhala zegiya nokunye ukuqoshwa kwamadiski. Ukucasula kungahlukaniswa kube ukucasula okugcwele nokucasula ingxenye.
• 2. Ubude bokudweba kuyinqubo yokubumba eyandisa ubude bendawo engenalutho futhi inciphisa isigaba esiphambene. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ze-shaft, ezifana ne-lathe spindle, induku yokuxhuma, njll.
• 3. Inqubo yokufaka yokubhoboza ngembobo noma ngembobo kungenalutho ngesibhakela.
• 4. Inqubo yokuhlanganisa yokugoba okungenalutho ku-engeli noma umumo othile.
• 5. Inqubo yokubumba lapho ingxenye eyodwa ye-billet izungeza nge-engeli kwenye.
• 6. Inqubo yokusungula yokusika ukuhlukaniswa kungenalutho noma ukusika ikhanda.

(2). Ukufa ngokukhohlisa
I-die forging ibizwa ngokuthi i-model forging. I-heated blank ifakwa ku-forging die engagxili emshinini wokubumba we-die forging.

• 1. Inqubo eyisisekelo yenqubo yokubumba ifa: ukuvala, ukufudumeza, ukufoja ngaphambili, ukufoja okokugcina, ukubhoboza nokuhlanganisa isikhumba, ukuphungula, ukuthambisa nokuchama. Izinqubo ezivamile zihlanganisa ukucasula, ukudweba, ukugoba, ukubhoboza kanye nokwakha.
• 2. Imishini yokubumba ifa ejwayelekile: isando sokubumba ifa, umshini wokucindezela we-hot die forging, umshini wokubumba oyisicaba, umshini wokucindezela, njll.
• Ngokuvamile, ikhwalithi ye-flange ehlanganisiwe ingcono. Ngokuvamile, ikhiqizwa nge-die forging, enesakhiwo esihle se-crystal, amandla aphezulu kanye nenani eliphezulu.

Kokubili i-cast flange kanye ne-forged flange izindlela ezivamile zokukhiqiza ze-flange. Ngokwezidingo zamandla zezingxenye okufanele zisetshenziswe, uma izidingo zingekho phezulu, i-flange ephendukayo nayo ingakhethwa.
(3). Ukusika i-flange
Ububanzi bangaphakathi nangaphandle kanye nobukhulu be-flange bunqunywe ngokuqondile epuleti eliphakathi, bese kucutshungulwa imbobo ye-bolt kanye nomugqa wamanzi. I-flange ekhiqizwa ngale ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi i-cut flange. Ububanzi obukhulu be-flange enjalo bukhawulelwe ububanzi bepuleti eliphakathi.
(4). I-flange egoqiwe
Inqubo yokusebenzisa ipuleti eliphakathi nendawo ukuze usike isiliva bese usigingqika sibe yindilinga ibizwa ngokuthi ukugoqa, okusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamanye ama-flange amakhulu. Ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-coiling, i-welding, flattening kanye nokucutshungulwa kwe-waterline kanye ne-bolt hole yenziwa.

Yini i-valve?

A I-valve iyithuluzi elisetshenziswa ohlelweni lwamanzi ukuze lilawule indlela, ukucindezela, nokugeleza koketshezi. Kuyinto idivayisi evumela a ipayipi lensimbi noma i-medium (uketshezi, igesi, impushana) ukuze igeleze noma imise futhi ilawule ukugeleza kwayo.

I-valve iyingxenye yokulawula ekudluliseni uketshezi uhlelo lwamapayipi. Isetshenziselwa ukuguqula ingxenye yephaseji kanye nesiqondiso sokugeleza kwe-medium, futhi inemisebenzi yokuguqula, ukusika, ukudonsa, ukuhlola, ukuphambukisa noma ukukhulula ukuchichima. Ama-valve okulawula uketshezi, kusukela kuma-valve alula kakhulu okuvala kuya ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zama-valve asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokulawula ezizenzakalelayo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, izinhlobonhlobo kanye nokucaciswa kwe-valve, ububanzi be-valve okuzisholo bona ukusuka ku-valve yensimbi encane kakhulu kuye kububanzi be-valve. kufika ku-10m Amavalvu amapayipi ezimboni. Ingasetshenziselwa ukulawula izinhlobo ezahlukene zoketshezi ezifana namanzi, umusi, uwoyela, igesi, udaka, imidiya eyonakalisayo ehlukahlukene, insimbi ewuketshezi noketshezi olukhipha imisebe. Ukucindezela kokusebenza kwe-valve kungaba kusuka ku-0.13MPa kuye ku-1000MPa. Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza lingaba ngu-C-270 ° C izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu liye ku-1430 ° C lokushisa eliphezulu.
I-valve ingalawulwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokudlulisela, njenge-manual, ugesi, i-hydraulic, i-pneumatic, i-turbo, i-electromagnetic, i-electromagnetic hydraulic, i-electrohydraulic, i-gas-hydraulic, i-spur gear, i-bevel gear drive, njll; ingaba ngaphansi kwengcindezi, izinga lokushisa Ngaphansi kwesenzo sezinye izinhlobo zezimpawu zokuzwa, ngokuvumelana nezidingo ezinqunywe kusengaphambili, noma ivele ivule noma ivale ngaphandle kokuthembela esignali yokuzwa, i-valve incike endleleni yokushayela noma ezenzakalelayo ukuze ibangele ilungu lokuvula nokuvala ziphakanyiswe, zishibilike, ziphendulwe noma zijikiswe. Ukunyakaza, ngaleyo ndlela kushintsha usayizi wendawo yokugeleza kwayo ukuze kuzuzwe umsebenzi wayo wokulawula.

Izinto ze-valve

Izinto ezivamile zama-valve

• 1. I-Grey cast iron: insimbi empunga ilungele amanzi, umusi, umoya, igesi, uwoyela kanye neminye imidiya enengcindezi yegama elithi PN ≤ 1.0MPa kanye nezinga lokushisa elingu-10 ℃ ~ 200 ℃. Amabanga avamile ensimbi empunga yilawa: HT200, HT250, HT300 kanye ne-ht350.
• 2. I-cast cast iron ephathekayo: ilungele amanzi, isitimu, umoya kanye nemidiya kawoyela enomfutho we-PN ≤ 2.5MPa kanye nezinga lokushisa - 30 ~ 300 ℃. Imikhiqizo evamile ihlanganisa i-kth300-06, i-kth330-08 kanye ne-kth350-10.
• 3. I-Ductile iron: ilungele amanzi, umusi, umoya, uwoyela kanye neminye imithombo yezindaba ene-PN ≤ 4.0Mpa kanye nezinga lokushisa elingu-30 ~ 350 ℃. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile yilezi: QT400-15, QT450-10, QT500-7.
• Uma kubhekwa izinga lamanje lenqubo yasekhaya, izimboni azilingani, futhi kuvame ukuba nzima kubasebenzisi ukuhlola. Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho, kunconywa ukuthi i-PN ≤ 2.5MPa, i-valve yensimbi isaphephile.
• 4. I-silicon ductile iron ephezulu ekwazi ukumelana ne-asidi: ifanele imidiya egqwalayo enokucindezela okuzisholo okungu-PN ≤ 0.25MPa kanye nezinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-120 ℃.
• 5. Insimbi ye-Carbon: ifanele amanzi, umusi, umoya, i-hydrogen, i-ammonia, i-nitrogen, imikhiqizo ye-petroleum kanye neminye imidiya enokucindezela okuzisholo PN ≤ 32.0mpa kanye nezinga lokushisa - 30 ~ 425 ℃. Imikhiqizo evamile ihlanganisa i-WC1, WCB, ZG25, insimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu engu-20, 25, 30 kanye ne-Low-Alloy Structural Steel 16Mn.
• 6. Ingxubevange yethusi: ifanele amanzi, amanzi olwandle, umoya-mpilo, umoya, uwoyela kanye neminye imidiya ene-PN ≤ 2.5MPa kanye nemidiya yesitimu enezinga lokushisa elingu-40 ~ 250 ℃. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile yi-zgnsn10zn2 (ithusi le-tin), i-H62, i-HPb59-1 (ithusi), i-qaz19-2 kanye ne-qa19-4 (ithusi le-aluminium).
• 7. Ithusi lokushisa eliphezulu: ifaneleka kumikhiqizo ye-steam ne-petroleum ene-PN yokucindezela okuzisholo ≤ 17.0mpa kanye nezinga lokushisa ≤ 570 ℃. Imikhiqizo evamile ihlanganisa i-ZGCr5Mo, 1cr5m0.zg20crmov, zg15gr1mo1v, 12CrMoV, wc6 kanye ne-wc9. Ukukhethwa okuqondile kufanele kuhambisane nemithethonqubo yokucindezela kwe-valve kanye nokucaciswa kwezinga lokushisa.
• 8. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi lensimbi: lisebenza kumidiya enengcindezi yegama elithi PN ≤ 6.4Mpa, izinga lokushisa ≥ – 196 ℃ (elifana ne-ethylene, i-propylene, igesi yemvelo ewuketshezi, i-nitrogen eyi-liquid nezinye imidiya, izinhlobo ezivamile zihlanganisa i-ZG1Cr18Ni9, 0Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Nig9 kanye ne-0Nig18)
• 9. Insimbi engagqwali engamelana ne-asidi: iyasebenza ku-nitric acid, i-acetic acid kanye neminye imidiya enengcindezi yegama elithi PN ≤ 6.4Mpa nezinga lokushisa ≤ 200 ℃. Imikhiqizo evamile yi-zg0cr18ni9ti, zg0cr18ni10 << ukumelana ne-nitric acid >, zg0cr18ni12mo2ti, zg1cr18ni12mo2ti < < ukumelana ne-asidi ne-urea >
• 10. Ngaphezu kwama-valve ensimbi angenhla, kukhona ama-valve epulasitiki nama-ceramic valves okusebenza okukhethekile.

Izinhlobo zama-valve

I-Valve yeBhola

Avela kuma-plug valve, ama-valve ebhola awuhlobo lwamavalvu aphenduka ikota idiski yawo ewumumo webhola. Ngokuyinhloko zisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela, ukusabalalisa nokuguqula indlela yokuhamba, lapho, ama-valve ebhola anokuvulwa kohlobo lwe-V anomsebenzi wokulinganisa izinga lokugeleza okungcono.

Izinzuzo:

• Ukumelana nokugeleza okuphansi kakhulu (zero).
• Amavalvu ebhola ngeke abambeke ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngisho nangaphandle kwe-lubricant, ngakho-ke athembekile ekulawuleni ukugeleza kwemidiya yezindawo ezibolayo nezibilisa kancane.
• Ikhono elivalwe ngokugcwele ngaphansi kwezimo ezinokucindezela okukhulu kanye nezinga lokushisa.
• Ukuvala ngokushesha (isivinini sezinye izakhiwo simane singu-0.05-0.1s), akukho mthelela lapho uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo lusebenza.
• Idiski ingakwazi ukuma ngokuzenzakalelayo eceleni kwemajini.
• Uma kuvulwa noma kuvalwa ngokuphelele, izindawo zokuvala zebhola kanye ne-valve yomzimba zihlukaniswa ne-medium, ngakho izindawo zokuvala ngeke ziguguleke lapho okuphakathi kudlula ngokushesha i-valve.
• Isakhiwo esihlangene, esingasindi - ngakho-ke kubhekwa njenge-valve efanelekile kakhulu yesistimu yokushisa okuphansi.
• Umumo we-Symmetrical, ikakhulukazi umzimba oshiselwe, okwazi ukumelana nokucindezela kwepayipi.
• I-Disc ingakwazi ukumelana nomehluko wengcindezi ephezulu uma ivala.
• Amavalvu ebhola anomzimba wamavalvu ane-welded angangcwatshwa ngokuqondile emhlabathini, futhi avimbele ingxenye engaphakathi yamavalvu ukuthi ingaguguleka. Ama-valve ebhola, ukuphila kwawo kwenkonzo kungafinyelela eminyakeni engu-30, kuyindlela ekahle ye-petroleum, amapayipi egesi yemvelo.

Okumbi:

Impahla enkulu yendandatho yokuvala ye-valve body i-PTEF, engeke ibe nokuhlangana kwamakhemikhali cishe nazo zonke ezinye izinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PTEF inezici ezifana ne-coefficient encane yokungqubuzana, ukusebenza okuzinzile, ukumelana nokuguga, ukukwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuhlukahlukene, ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kokuvala. Kepha, izakhiwo zayo ezingokomzimba, kufaka phakathi i-coefficient enkulu yokunwetshwa, ukuzwela komfudlana obandayo, ukungahambi kahle kokushisa, kuvimbela ukwakheka komzimba we-valve. Njengoba indandatho yokuvala iqina, ikhono layo lokuvala liba buthaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PTEF ayikwazi ukwenza lokhu ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ezinezinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-180℃, ngaphandle kwalokho ingxenye yokuvala izokonakala. 

Ukusebenza kokulungiswa okubuthakathaka uma kuqhathaniswa namavalvu embulunga, ikakhulukazi amavalvu omoya noma kagesi.

Ama-valve ebhola asetshenziswa ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo?

Ama-valve ebhola asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukujikeleza koketshezi. I-valve yebhola iyibhola elinembobo ebhoboziwe, ngokuvamile enobubanzi obufanayo nepayipi. I-valve yokujika yesine, enenzuzo yokuthi ngeke ivimbele ukugeleza koketshezi endaweni evulekile. Lapho ububanzi bembobo ebholeni le-valve bufana nobubanzi bepayipi, kubizwa ngokuthi "i-full flow" valve. Esimweni esivaliwe, lolu hlobo lwe-valve lunikeza uhlelo oluhle lokuvala uphawu.
Le valve isetshenziselwa uketshezi (amanzi, uwoyela, njll.) namagesi.
Amanye ama-valve ebhola nawo afakwe ama-conical plug.
Ama-valve ebhola angasetshenziswa futhi njengama-valve anezindlela ezintathu noma ezine. Kulokhu, zibizwa nangokuthi ama-valve embonini.

I-plug Valve

Kuyi-valve ejikelezayo i-disc yayo iwumumo we-plunger (isimo se-cylindrical noma i-conical shape), engazungeziswa ukulawula ukuhamba kwemidiya. Umgomo wokusebenza wama-plug valve ngokuyisisekelo uyafana nalowo wamavalvu ebhola, avela kuma-plug valve futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuxhashazweni kwenkundla kawoyela, kanye nenkundla ye-petrochemical.

I-Valve Yokusiza

Kuyidivayisi yokuvikela umkhumbi ocindezelayo, okokusebenza, noma ipayipi. Lapho ingcindezi yemishini, isitsha noma ipayipi idlula inani elivunyelwe, i-valve izovuleka ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ikhiphe imidiya, ukuze uvimbele ukucindezela ukuqhubeka nokukhuphuka. Uma ingcindezi ingaphansi kwenani elivunyelwe, i-valve kufanele ivaleke ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ifike ngesikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile kwemishini, umkhumbi noma ipayipi.

Si-valve yesicupho seqembu

Imidiya efana nomhwamuko, umoya ocindezelweyo izokhiqiza amanzi ajiyile ngesikhathi sokuthutha okudingeka aphume kusenesikhathi ukuze kuzinziswe ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kwamadivayisi.
Ama-Steam trap anemisebenzi elandelayo:

• Ukuvimbela ukuvuza komhwamuko
• Ukukhipha umoya, noma amanye amagesi angacondensable

Hlola i-Valve

Ama-valve okuhlola, aziwa nangokuthi ama-valve angabuyi, ama-valve endlela eyodwa, ama-valve e-reflux, angahlukaniswa abe uhlobo lokushwibeka kanye nohlobo lokuphakamisa. Ziwuhlobo lwama-valve othomathikhi avuleka futhi avale ngamandla akhiqizwa ukuhamba kwemidiya. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wama-valve okuhlola ukuvimbela imidiya ukuthi ingagelezi emuva, amaphampu kanye nokushayela imoto ukuthi ingahlehli, imidiya yomkhumbi ingangeni. 

Isango Valve

Kuyivalvu ehamba iqonde ku-eksisi yomhubhe, futhi isetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa/ukuvala ukugeleza kokuphakathi kunokulinganisa izinga lokugeleza. Ama-valve esango ayakwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma eliphansi noma ingcindezi futhi adlulisele inhlobonhlobo yemidiya, kodwa angafaki imidiya yohlobo lodaka ngokuvamile.

Izinzuzo:

• Amandla amancane okumelana nokugeleza.
• Itorque encane iyadingeka ukuze uvule/uvale ukulawula.
• Isiqondiso sokugeleza asikhawulelwe - ama-valve esango angasetshenziswa kunethiwekhi ye-loop ye-bidirectional.
• Umthelela wokuguguleka okubangelwa imithombo yezindaba ungaphansi kwalowo wamavalvu embulunga lapho amavalvu esango evuleke ngokugcwele.
• Isakhiwo esilula, ukwenziwa okuhle.
• Ubude besakhiwo esifushane.

Okumbi:

• Indawo yokufaka enkulu ngokuqhathaniswa - ubukhulu bangaphandle obukhulu, ubude obuvulekile obudingekayo buyadingeka.
• Ukuhlikihlwa kwe-high-frequency ngesikhathi sokuvula nokuvala; Ukuklwebheka kungase kwenzeke ezimweni ezishisa kakhulu.
• Ngokuvamile, ama-valve esango anezindawo ezimbili zokuvala, eziletha ubunzima obuncane ekwenzeni imishini, ukugaya kanye nokugcinwa.
• Isikhathi eside sokuvula/sokuvala.

I-Butterfly Valve

Amavalvu ovemvane awuhlobo lwamavalvu avimba noma alinganise ukugeleza kwe-medium by quarter-turn (idiski izungeziswe ikota).

Izinzuzo:

• Isakhiwo esilula, ivolumu, engasindi, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphansi.
• Ukuvala ngokushesha, ukumelana nokugeleza okuncane.
• Ukukwazi ukusetshenziswa ekulawuleni ukugeleza kwemidiya ngokuqinile okumisiwe, noma, ngokuya ngokuqina kwendawo yokuvala, imidiya eyimpuphu noma eyimbudumbudu. Ama-valve e-Butterfly afanele ukuvimba nokugeleza kokulinganisa (i-bi-direction) epayipini lokungenisa umoya kanye nokukhipha i-dust, kanye nepayipi legesi, umzila wamanzi embonini ye-metallurgy, insimu yezimboni ezilula, isikhungo samandla, uhlelo lwe-petrochemical.

Okumbi:

• Ububanzi obuncane bokumodareyitha kokugeleza - u-95% wokugeleza ngeke uvinjwe ngisho nevalvu ivuleke kuphela ngo-30%.
• Ukungakwazi ukumelana nesistimu yepayipi enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwesakhiwo sayo kanye nezinto ezibekwe uphawu (izinga lokushisa ≤ 300℃, ingcindezi ≤ PN40).
• Ukuvaleka okungekuhle uma kuqhathaniswa namavalvu ebhola, amavalvu embulunga (Ngakho-ke ingafakwa kuphela ezindaweni lapho idinga ukuvaleka kokuvala okuphansi.)

Kufanele kusetshenziswe ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo ama-Butterfly Valves?

I-valve ye-butterfly isetshenziswa kakhulu ukulawula ukugeleza koketshezi. Kuye ngempahla yevalvu, ingasetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zoketshezi: uketshezi olungachemile ngamakhemikhali, njengamanzi noma uwoyela, udaka, ukudla noma uketshezi lwezidakamizwa, namanye amavalvu ovemvane angasetshenziswa ngokukhethekile uketshezi olubolayo. Kodwa-ke, ama-valve ovemvane awakwazi ukusetshenziselwa uketshezi oluqukethe izinhlayiya eziqinile ukuze kugwenywe ukuvala ngokuphelele kwe-valve.
Ama-valve ovemvane angamavalvu “e-quarter turn”. Idinga ukushintshaniswa ngo-90 ° phakathi kwezindawo ezivulekile nezivaliwe ukuze isebenze. Ngobubanzi obukhulu, uhlelo lokushayela olufakwe ibhokisi legiya lungase ludingeke ukunxephezela ukucindezela okufakwe ngokuqondile ku-valve uvemvane.
Ama-valve ovemvane aklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa uhlelo oluhle lokuvala uphawu. Ama-valve ovemvane obubanzi obukhulu ngokuvamile afakwa i-flange. Isibonelo, ama-butterfly valves okushisa amasekhethi ngokuvamile afaka ama-valve. Ivalve uvemvane iyona eyonga kakhulu isikhala, ikakhulukazi uma iqhathaniswa nevalve yebhola.

I-Globe Valve

Kuyivalvu idiski yayo ehamba emgqeni omaphakathi womzimba we-valve. Ngokusho kwalolu hlobo lwemodi yokunyakaza, ukuhluka kokuvulwa komzimba we-valve kuhambisana nokuhamba kwe-disc. Ngaphandle kwalokho, iqiniso lokuthi isiqu se-valve ye-valve ye-globe inohambo olufushane uma kuqhathaniswa lokuvula nokuvala, umsebenzi walo onokwethenjelwa wokuvala, lezi zici ezintathu kungani ama-globe ama-valve eyindlela efanelekile yokumodareyitha ukugeleza, ukuvimba, nokunyakazisa.

Izinzuzo:

• Ukumelana nokugqoka - ukungqubuzana okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nama-valve esango phakathi nezinqubo zokuvula nokuvala.
• Ubude obufushane obuvulekile (ikota yesiteshi ngaphakathi komzimba wevalvu).
• Indawo eyodwa kuphela yokuvala, ukwenziwa kahle, ukugcinwa okulula.
• Ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu - Izinto zokupakisha zama-globe valves ngokuvamile ziyi-asbestos negraphite.

Okumbi:

Ngenxa yokuthi ama-valve embulunga azoshintsha isiqondiso sokugeleza kwe-medium, ukuphikiswa kwawo okuncane kokugeleza kuphezulu kunokwamanye ama-valve amaningi.

Kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo lapho amavalvu embulunga noma ama-piston asetshenziswa ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo?

Umgomo wokusebenza we-valve yokumisa kanye ne-piston valve iyafana. Ukuphela kwe-piston rod kunengxenye yesitsha noma i-piston, eyehliselwa ku-valve ukuvimbela ukugeleza kwamanzi. Le valve ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukulawula uketshezi ngokuya ngomfutho wepayipi. Ama-actuator amaningi e-valve yokumisa aqukethe isiphethu esilungisayo esilungisa ukuvuleka kwe-valve ngokuvumelana nokucindezela.
Ububi obuyinhloko baleli valve ukulahlekelwa kwekhanda elikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ukucindezela kwamanzi kuphezulu kakhulu, kunzima ukusebenzisa i-valve endaweni evaliwe. Angaphinda avale ngokushesha, okubangela isando samanzi. Le valve ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-valve yezindlela ezintathu.

Ukunciphisa Valve

Amavalvu okwehlisa asetshenziselwa ukwehlisa umfutho okhuphuka nomfula uye kungcindezi edingekayo eya phansi komfula kanye nokusimamisa umfutho waphansi komfula ngokusebenzisa amandla aphakathi nendawo.

Kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo okufanele kusetshenziswe Amavalvu Enaliti?

Ama-valve enaliti zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukulawula uketshezi olugeleza kancane noma amagesi.
Lena i-valve yobubanzi obuncane eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwengcindezi ephansi. Ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-faucet". Ngokuvamile, idinga ukuqaliswa mathupha. Zivame kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwasekhaya kanye nokusebenza kwamasampula oketshezi. Ama-valve enaliti ashibhile, okuchaza ukuthi kungani ethandwa kangaka.
Izici ezibalulekile:

• Ukugeleza okuphansi;
• Ngokuvamile idinga ukuqaliswa ngesandla;
• Izindleko eziphansi.

Kufanele kusetshenziswe ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo ama-valve e-Diaphragm?

Ama-valve e-diaphragm zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izinqubo zenhlanzeko kanye ne-aseptic, okungukuthi lapho uketshezi olujikelezayo kufanele luhlukaniswe kunoma yikuphi ukungcola okungase kube khona.
Le valve isebenza ikakhulukazi kumodi evulekile / evaliwe, nakuba kwezinye izimo ingasetshenziselwa ukulawula uketshezi. Endaweni evulekile, i-valve ye-diaphragm ibizwa ngokuthi "ukugeleza okugcwele", futhi kukhona ukwehla kwengcindezi encane ngoba i-diaphragm evaliwe isusa ngokuphelele ukugeleza koketshezi. Le valve inophawu oluhle kakhulu ngoba akukho ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi koketshezi nesiqu se-valve, kodwa idinga ukunakekelwa njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-diaphragm isesimweni esihle, ikakhulukazi uma uketshezi lunezinhlayiya eziqinile. Okubalulekile kwe-diaphragm kuyadingeka ukuze ukwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokugcwele nezinga lokushisa lokusebenza nezimo zengcindezi ukuze kugwenywe ukugqokwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Amavalvu e-diaphragm asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini zokudla nezamakhemisi. Zibuye zivame ukusetshenziswa embonini yamakhemikhali kanye nezicelo ze-ultrapure, kuye ngezinto ezizisebenzisayo, ikakhulukazi ama-diaphragms. Amaphampu e-diaphragm nawo afaneleka udaka kanye noketshezi olune-viscous kakhulu.
Lolu hlobo lwe-valve alufanelekile kumasekhethi amakhulu obubanzi: ngokuvamile, ububanzi bawo bokukhiqiza abudluli i-DN350.
Izici ezibalulekile:

• Ukulahlekelwa ikhanda okulinganiselwe;
• Ukusebenza kahle kokubekwa uphawu;
• Isicelo ekudleni, kwezokwelapha, embonini yamakhemikhali nakwezinye izimboni;
• Ihambisana noketshezi oluqukethe izinhlayiya.

Okumbi:

• Ukugcinwa njalo kuyadingeka;
• Ububanzi obuncane begama.

Nini ukusebenzisa i-valve yesango lommese?

I-valve yesango lommese ivame ukusetshenziswa ezimayini, isitshalo samandla, ukwenza iphepha, imboni yamakhemikhali, ukudla nezinye izimboni. Ama-valve esango lommese anenzuzo yokuba aminyene kakhulu ngenxa yokunyakaza okuqondile kwe-baffle yokuvala (ipuleti elivimbela ukugeleza koketshezi endaweni evaliwe). I-valve yesango lommese ngokuyinhloko iyi-valve yokumisa, nakuba ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-valve yokulawula lapho i-valve isendaweni evuleke kancane.
Amavalvu esango lommese angasetshenziselwa uketshezi oluqukethe izinhlayiya eziqinile, njengamanzi angcolile noma udaka. Ngokuvamile, ama-valve esango lommese aklanyelwe ukuvalwa ohlangothini olungenhla lwesekethe (uhlangothi lwe-fluid inlet), kodwa amanye ama-valve avaliwe nhlangothi zombili. Ngakho-ke, ama-valve esango lommese angasetshenziswa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isiqondiso sokugeleza kwamanzi. Esimweni esivulekile, ukulahlekelwa kwekhanda kuphansi kakhulu ngoba i-valve ngeke ibangele ushintsho ekuqondisweni kwamanzi.

Kodwa-ke, izikhathi zokuvala nokuvula zingaba isikhathi eside futhi ukugcinwa okuvamile kuyadingeka ukulungisa ukuguga phakathi kwe-valve nophawu.

Iyini i-valve yezindlela eziningi?

I-valve ye-Multi way ibhekisela ku-valve enama-inlet amaningi kanye/noma ama-outlet. Okuvame kakhulu i-valve yezindlela ezintathu, ngokuvamile i-valve yebhola. Le valve ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula ukugeleza koketshezi emishinini phakathi kwamasekethe amabili ahlukene. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuhlanganisa uketshezi olubili. Kukhona futhi ama-valve anendlela emine, eyezindlela ezinhlanu nanezindlela eziyisithupha. Amavalvu anamashaneli amaningi kunalawa ayivelakancane kakhulu.

Izidingo

Izidingo zokufakwa kwamavalvu

1. Ngaphambi ukufaka i-valve, hlola ngokucophelela ukuthi imodeli kanye nokucaciswa kwe-valve esetshenzisiwe kuyahambisana yini nomklamo;
2. Ngokusho kwemodeli ye-valve kanye nebhukwana lefektri, hlola ukuthi i-valve ingasetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezidingekayo;
3. Lapho i-valve iphakanyiswa, intambo kufanele iboshwe ekuxhumekeni kwe-flange phakathi komzimba we-valve kanye nesembozo se-valve, futhi akufanele ibekwe esondweni lesandla noma esiqwini se-valve ukugwema ukulimala kwesiqu se-valve kanye nesondo lesandla;
4. Lapho ufaka i-valve epayipini elivundlile, isiqu se-valve kufanele sime sibheke phezulu, futhi isiqu se-valve akufanele sifakwe phansi;
5. Uma ufaka i-valve, akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa indlela yokuxhuma okuphoqelelwe emlonyeni yokudonsa nokudonsa kanzima ukuze ugweme umonakalo obangelwa amandla angalingani;
6. Ivalve yesango elivulekile akufanele ifakwe endaweni emanzi phansi, ukuze kugwenywe ukugqwala kwesiqu se-valve.

Izidingo zokuhlanganisa ama-valve

Izingxenye ezihlanziwe kufanele zivalwe futhi zigcinwe ukuze zifakwe.
Izidingo zenqubo yokufaka zimi kanje:

1. Indawo yokusebenzela yokufaka kufanele ihlanzeke, noma imise indawo ehlanzekile yesikhashana, njengokusetshenziswa kwemicu enemibala esanda kuthengwa noma ifilimu yepulasitiki ukuvimbela uthuli ukuthi lungangeni ngesikhathi sokufakwa.
2. Abasebenzi bomhlangano kumele bagqoke ama-ovaroli kakotini ahlanzekile, bagqoke ikepisi likakotini, izinwele zingavuzi, bagqoke izicathulo ezihlanzekile, bagqoke amagilavu ​​epulasitiki, bafake isandla.
3. Ithuluzi lokuhlanganisa kufanele likhishwe amafutha futhi lihlanzwe ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlanzeka.

Imininingwane ye-valve

1. Inombolo yemodeli yevalvu kufanele ikhombise imfuneko yenombolo kazwelonke. Uma kuyizinga lebhizinisi, incazelo efanele yenombolo yemodeli kufanele ikhonjiswe.
2. Ukucindezela kokusebenza kwe-valve kudinga ≥ ukucindezela kokusebenza kwepayipi. Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokungathinti intengo, ukucindezela kokusebenza kwe-valve kufanele kube kukhulu kunokucindezela kwangempela kokusebenza kwepayipi.
3. Amazinga okukhiqiza ama-valve, kufanele asekelwe enombolweni evamile kazwelonke, uma kuyindinganiso yebhizinisi, inkontileka yokuthenga kufanele ihambisane nemibhalo yenkampani.

Izidingo zokuhlola ukusebenza kwe-valve

1. Lapho ukucaciswa okuthile kwevalvu kukhiqizwa ngamaqoqo, i-ejensi esemthethweni izophathiswa ukwenza lezi zivivinyo zokusebenza ezilandelayo: 1 i-torque yokuvula nokuvala yevalvu ngaphansi kwesimo sokucindezela kokusebenza; 2 ukutholwa kwe-coefficient yokumelana nokugeleza kwe-valve ngaphansi kwesimo sokulethwa kwamanzi wepayipi.
2. I-valve kufanele ihlolwe ngaphambi kokushiya ifektri: I-valve engu-1 esimweni esivulekile, umzimba we-valve kufanele umelane nokucindezela kwangaphakathi kwenani lokucindezela kwe-valve kabili; I-valve engu-2 isesimweni esivaliwe, izinhlangothi zombili ngokulandelana nezikhathi eziyi-11 zokucindezela kwe-valve, akukho ukuvuza; kodwa i-valve uvemvane evalwe ngensimbi, inani lokuvuza alikho likhulu kunezidingo ezifanele.

Izidingo zokuvala ama-valve

Ukusebenza kokuvala kwe-valve kubhekisela emandleni ezingxenye zokuvala ze-valve ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwendawo. Yinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu yokusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe ye-valve. Kunezingxenye ezintathu zokuvala zevalvu: ukuxhumana phakathi kwendawo yokuvala yezingxenye zokuvula nokuvala kanye nesihlalo se-valve; inhlanganisela yokupakisha ngesiqu se-valve kanye nebhokisi lokugxusha; ukuxhumana phakathi komzimba we-valve kanye nesembozo se-valve. Ukuvuza endaweni yangaphambili kubizwa ngokuthi i-endoleak, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuntuleka kokuqina, okuzophazamisa ikhono le-valve ukusika okuphakathi. Kuma-valve okuvala, ukuvuza kwangaphakathi akuvunyelwe. Ukuvuza okubili kokugcina kubizwa ngokuthi ukuvuza, okungukuthi, ukuvuza okuphakathi nendawo kusuka kuvalvu kuya ngaphandle kwevalvu. Ukuvuza kwangaphandle kungabangela ukulahlekelwa kwempahla, kungcolise imvelo, futhi kubangele izingozi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Ukuze uthole imidiya evuthayo, eqhumayo, enobuthi noma enemisebe, ukuvuza kwangaphandle akuvunyelwe, ngakho-ke i-valve kufanele ibe nokusebenza okuthembekile kokuvala.

Ezinye izidingo zama-valve

1. I-valve ehlanganisiwe ihlanzwa nge-nitrogen okungenani iminithi elingu-1.
2. Ukuhlolwa okungangenisi umoya kufanele kube yi-nitrogen emsulwa.
3. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwe-airtight, i-encapsulation iyenziwa, ivalwe nge-polyethylene cap ehlanzekile, futhi i-polyethylene cap ifakwe nge-solvent ephilayo ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa futhi isulwe.
4. Bese uvala ngesikhwama se-vacuum.
5. Ukupakisha ekugcineni.
6. Izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe ngesikhathi sokuthutha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imvilophu ayilimazi.

Izingxenye ze-valve zimbalwa, isakhiwo silula, ukunemba kuvamile, futhi kuyingxenye elula embonini yemishini, kodwa ingxenye eyinhloko yokuvala i-valve iyadingeka ukuba ibe phezulu kakhulu. Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-valve iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ubunzima bezobuchwepheshe nabo bukhulu.

Yiziphi izici zenqubo okudingeka sizinake?

1. Izinto zokwakha i-valve

Ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zokucaciswa kwe-valve, njengama-valve ajwayelekile anama-valve esango, ama-globe valves, ama-valve okuhlola, ama-valve amabhola, ama-butterfly valves, ama-valve okulawula amanzi; ama-valve ezimboni anama-solenoid valve, ama-valve alawulayo, ama-valve okunciphisa ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nama-valve okucindezela okukhulu, ama-valve okushisa aphansi kanye namanye ama-valve akhethekile Asetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yomnotho wezwe, futhi izikhathi zokusebenzisa kwazo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, njengokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokushisa okuphezulu. umfutho ophakeme, izinga lokushisa eliphansi le-cryogenic, elivutha kalula futhi liyaqhuma, linobuthi kakhulu, indawo ecekeceke eqinile nezinye izimo zokusebenza, okubeka izidingo eziqinile ezintweni zevalvu.
Ngokungeziwe kunsimbi ewuketshezi, insimbi ye-carbon steel ne-alloy structural steel, izinto zokwakha ze-valve zisebenzisa insimbi engagqwali i-CrNi, insimbi ye-CrMoAl nitrided, insimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa kwe-CrMoV, insimbi engamelana ne-CrMnN acid, insimbi eqinile enezimvula, insimbi engagqwali eyi-duplex, insimbi yezinga lokushisa eliphansi, i-titanium. ingxubevange kanye Mongolian. Ingxubevange yeNyle, i-Inconel alloy, i-Hastelloy ne-G0CrW eyenziwe usimende ye-carbide. Izakhiwo zokuphonsa, zokushisela kanye nokucubungula zalezi zinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zimbi kakhulu, okuletha ubunzima obukhulu enqubweni yokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziningi zalezi zinto ziyi-alloy ephezulu, amandla aphezulu, izinto eziyigugu ezilukhuni kakhulu, futhi kunobunzima obuningi ekukhetheni impahla, ukulungiswa, nokuthengwa kwempahla. Ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo kunzima ukuzithenga ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwazo okuncane.

2. Isakhiwo se-cast blank

Iningi lezikhala ze-valve zenziwe ngamagobolondo amancane anesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, esingadingi nje kuphela ikhwalithi enhle yokubukeka, kodwa futhi inekhwalithi yangaphakathi eminyene kanye nesakhiwo esihle se-metallographic. Awukwazi ukuba neziphambeko ezifana nama-pores, izimbobo zokuncipha, ukufakwa kwesihlabathi, ukuqhekeka, njll. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokuphonsa iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha ukushisa bunzima. Embonini yemishini, ukuphonswa kwezikhala zokuphonswa kwegobolondo elincanyana elithwele ingcindezi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kunzima kunokusakaza kwezinye izakhi zemishini.

3. Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula imishini

Ngenxa yokuthi izinto eziningi eziqine kakhulu, ezinokuqina okuphezulu, nokugqwala okuphezulu zinokusebenza okungekuhle kokusika, njengensimbi engagqwali enengxubevange ephezulu kanye nensimbi engamelana ne-asidi, zinobubi bokuqina okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, ukungashisi kahle, okukhulu. i-chip viscosity kanye nokuthambekela kokuqina komsebenzi oqinile. Kunzima ukufeza ukunemba nokuqedwa kwe-dimensional edingekayo, kuveza ubunzima obuthile kumathuluzi enziwe ngomshini, izinqubo kanye nemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-valve sealing surface nayo iphakeme kakhulu ekunembeni kwemishini, i-angle yokukhwelana, ukushelela kanye nokumatanisa uphawu lokuhlanganisa, okuletha ubunzima obukhulu ekwenzeni imishini.

4. Ukuhlelwa kwenqubo yezingxenye ze-valve

Inombolo yezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-valve incane, isakhiwo silula, ukunemba kokucubungula kwamasayizi amaningi akuphakeme, futhi ingaphandle ilukhuni, okunikeza umbono wokuba umshini olula. Eqinisweni, uphawu lwenhliziyo lwe-valve lunganemba ngokwedlulele, “amadigri amathathu” (ukucaba, ukushelela, ubulukhuni) bendawo yokuvala kuphezulu kakhulu, futhi izinga lokuvala lobuso obuhlanganiswe yizindawo ezimbili zokuvala kufanele zifinyelele ku-zero. kuze zero. Ukuze uhlangabezane nokuvuza okunguziro kokuhlolwa okungangenisi umoya. Lesi sithenjwa esiqinile sokuqinisekisa izidingo ezinembile zenhliziyo zisuka kuqanda kuye kuqanda kuwubunzima obukhulu benqubo ekucutshungulweni kwamavalvu.

5. Ukuhlolwa kwe-valve nokuhlolwa

I-valve iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuvula nokuvala nokulawula yepayipi lokucindezela, futhi izimo zokusebenza zepayipi lokucindezela zihlukile, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela okuphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi le-cryogenic, elivuthayo futhi eliqhumayo, ukugqwala okunobuthi obukhulu nokunamandla. Kodwa-ke, izimo zokuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kokukhiqizwa kwama-valvu akwenzeki ukuthi zihlangabezane nezidingo ezifanayo zezimo zokusebenza. Amazinga okuhlola ama-valve ahlukahlukene ngamazwe ngamazwe nasekhaya ahlolwa ngaphansi kwesimo sezinga lokushisa eliseduze elivamile ngegesi noma amanzi njengesimo sezulu. Kunengozi ecashile eyisisekelo, okungukuthi, imikhiqizo yamavalvu ephumelele ukuhlolwa kwefekthri evamile ingase ibe nobunzima ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zokusetshenziswa ngenxa yezinkinga ezinjengokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ikhwalithi yokuphonsa kanye nokulimala kokuvala ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zokusebenza zangempela. Ingozi yekhwalithi. Akumangalisi ukuthi abanye ochwepheshe be-valve abadala abaye basebenza impilo yabo yonke bayaqaphela futhi bakhathazeke kakhulu.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza of amagagasi

Isinyathelo sokuqala: ukukhiqizwa komzimba we-valve

Umzimba wevalvu (ukusakaza, ukuvala indawo engaphezulu)
Ukuthenga okuthengiwe (ngokwezinga elijwayelekile) ekuhlolweni kwefekthri (ngokwezinga elijwayelekile) ➱ ukushisela okungaphezulu ➱ ukutholwa kwamaphutha nge-ultrasonic (ngokwephethini) ➱ ukwelapha okushisa okungaphezulu nangemuva kokushisela ➱ ukuqeda ➱ ukugaya indawo yokuvala ➱ ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwendawo yokuvala, ukufaka umbala ukutholwa.

Isinyathelo sesibili: inqubo yokukhiqiza i-valve yangaphakathi

A. Izingxenye zangaphakathi ezifana nama-valve disc, izihlalo zamavalvu, njll.

Ukuthenga izinto ezingavuthiwe (ngokwezinga elijwayelekile), ukungena ekuhlolweni kwefekthri (ngokwezinga), ukwenza izikhala (insimbi eyindilinga noma ama-forgings, ngokuya ngezidingo zobuchwepheshe zemidwebo), ukwenza kube nzima indawo yokuthola amaphutha e-ultrasonic (uma iphethini okudingekayo), ukwenza rough indawo engaphezulu, ukushisela, ukushisela kanye nokushisela Ukwelashwa ngemuva kokushisa ➱ Ukuqedwa kwazo zonke izingxenye ➱ ukugaya indawo yokuvala ➱ ukuhlolwa kokuqina kokuqina kwendawo, ukubona amaphutha ombala.

B. Isiqu se-valve

Ukuthenga izinto ezingavuthiwe (ngokwezindinganiso), ukungena ekuhlolweni kwefekthri (ngokwendinganiso), ukwenza izikhala (insimbi eyindilinga noma ama-forging, ngokuya ngezidingo zobuchwepheshe zemidwebo), ukukhwabanisa, ukuvela, ukushisela, ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemuva kwe-weld, ukuqeda, ukukhanda, ukugaya, ukugaya ➱ ukwelashwa kwesiqu se-valve (i-nitriding, i-quenching, i-electroless plating) ➱ ukwelashwa kokugcina (ukupholisha, ukugaya, njll.) ➱ ukugaya indawo yokuvala ➱ ukuhlolwa kokuqina kokuqina kwendawo, ukutholakala kombala wamaphutha.

C. Awudingi ukushisela indawo engaphakathi yendawo yokuvala, njll.

Ukuthenga izinto ezingavuthiwe (ngokwezinga elijwayelekile), ukungena ekuhlolweni kwefekthri (ngokwezinga elijwayelekile), ukwenza izikhala (insimbi eyindilinga noma ama-forgings, ngokwezidingo zobuchwepheshe zemidwebo), ukuphazamisa indawo yokuhlola ye-ultrasonic (lapho imidwebo idingeka ), eqeda izingxenye ezihlukahlukene.

Isinyathelo sesithathu: ukukhiqizwa kwezinsimbi

Izinga lokukhiqiza i-Fastener DL439-1991.
Ukuthenga izinto ezingavuthiwe (ngokwezindinganiso), ukungena ekuhlolweni kwefekthri (ngokwezinga elijwayelekile), ukwenza izikhala (insimbi eyindilinga noma ama-forging, ngokuya ngezidingo zobuchwepheshe zemidwebo) kanye namasampula okuhlola okudingekile, ukugoqa, ukuqeda, nokuhlolwa kwe-spectral. .

Isinyathelo sesine: umhlangano wokugcina

Ngemva kokuthola izingxenye, ukuhlanzwa, ukuhlanzwa, ukuhlanganiswa okungalungile (ngokwemidwebo), ukuhlolwa komfutho wamanzi (ngokwemidwebo, izinqubo), ngemva kokudlula, ukuqaqa, ukusula, ukuhlanganisa okokugcina, nokufakwa kukagesi noma ukulungisa iphutha le-actuator (kuma-valve kagesi) iphakethe liyathunyelwa.

Ukukhiqizwa komkhiqizo we-valve kanye neshadi lokugeleza kokuhlola

Isinyathelo sesi-5: Ukukhiqizwa komkhiqizo we-valve kanye nenqubo yokuhlola

1. Inkampani ithenga izinto zokusetshenziswa zemininingwane ehlukahlukene.
2. Okubalulekile kuhlolwa i-spectrum analyzer, futhi umbiko wokuhlolwa kwempahla eluhlaza uphrintwa ukuze wenze ikhophi yasenqolobaneni.
3. Ukusika impahla eluhlaza ngomshini wokusika.
4. Umhloli uhlola ububanzi nobude bokusikwa kwempahla eluhlaza.
5. Ishabhu yokuqamba icubungula izinto zokusetshenziswa ngokufoja.
6. Umhloli wenza ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene kwe-dimensional kokungenalutho ukuze kwakhiwe.
7. Isisebenzi sisika udoti.
8. I-sand Blaster sandblasts ingaphezulu kokungenalutho.
9. Umhloli wenza ukuhlolwa kokwelashwa kwendawo ngemuva kokuqhunyiswa kwesihlabathi.
10. Abasebenzi benza imishini enzima.
11. I-valve body sealing thread processing—Abasebenzi bayahlolwa ngemva kokucubungula ngabasebenzi abahlolayo nabahlolayo.
12. Umzimba we-valve uxhunywe kuntambo yokwenza imishini.
13. Umshini womgodi ophakathi.
14. Umhloli wenza ukuhlola okuvamile.
15. Imikhiqizo eqediwe efanelekile ithunyelwa endaweni yokugcina impahla eseyiqediwe.
16. Imikhiqizo eqediwe kancane igcwele.
17. Ukuhlolwa kwe-semi-finished plating surface treatment.
18. Ukuhlolwa kwezesekeli ezihlukahlukene (ibhola, isiqu se-valve, isihlalo esivaliwe).
19. Ukuhlanganiswa komkhiqizo esitolo somhlangano—izisebenzi zokuhlola umugqa womhlangano zihlola umkhiqizo.
20. Umkhiqizo ohlanganisiwe ungaphansi kokuhlolwa kwengcindezi futhi womiswe kunqubo elandelayo.
21. Isitolo sokuhlanganisa sinesibopho sokupakisha umkhiqizo—-abasebenzi abahlola ulayini wokupakisha ukuze bahlole ukuvalwa, ukubukeka kanye ne-torque yomkhiqizo. Imikhiqizo engafanelekile akumele ipakishwe.
22. Imikhiqizo efanelekile iyapakishwa futhi ithunyelwe endaweni yokugcina impahla eqediwe.
23. Wonke amarekhodi okuhlolwa azogcinwa kukhompuyutha ukuze afinyeleleke kalula.
24. Imikhiqizo efanelekile ithunyelwa futhi ibuye ezweni ngeziqukathi.

Isinyathelo sokuhlanza i-valve

Izingxenye ze-valve kufanele zicutshungulwe ngezinqubo ezilandelayo ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa:

1. Ngokwezidingo zokucubungula, ezinye izingxenye zidinga ukupholishwa, futhi indawo engaphezulu ayikwazi ukucutshungulwa ngama-burrs;
2. Zonke izingxenye zehlisiwe;
3. Ngemuva kokuqedwa kokukhishwa kwe-degreasing, i-asidi yokugeza i-asidi yenziwa, futhi i-ejenti yokuhlanza ayinayo i-phosphorus;
4. Ngemuva kokukhetha nokuhlanzwa, hlambulula ngamanzi ahlanzekile, angeke kube khona insalela yezidakamizwa, izingxenye ze-carbon steel zigcina lesi sinyathelo;
5. Yomisa izingxenye ngayinye ngayinye ngendwangu engalukiwe, futhi ungashiyi ubuso bezingxenye ezifana noboya bezintambo, noma uphephe nge-nitrogen ehlanzekile;
6. Sebenzisa indwangu engalukiwe noma isihlungi sephepha esinembayo ukuze uhlaziye utshwala obumsulwa futhi usule ingxenye ngayinye ngayinye kuze kungabi bikho umbala ongcolile.

Ukugcinwa kwansuku zonke kwama-valve

1. Indawo yokugcina i-valve kufanele iqashelwe. Kufanele igcinwe ekamelweni elomile nelingena umoya futhi ivimbe zombili iziphetho zephaseji.
2. I-valve kufanele ihlolwe njalo, futhi isuse ukungcola kuyo, sebenzisa amafutha e-anti-rust ebusweni bayo.
3. Faka i-valve esetshenzisiwe futhi wenze ukunakekelwa okuvamile ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kwayo okuvamile.
4. Hlola indawo evalekayo ye-valve ukuthi igugile futhi iyalungiswa noma uyishintshe ngokuya ngesimo.
5. Hlola ukuguga kwentambo ye-trapezoidal ye-stem ne-stem nut, ukuthi ukupakisha kuphelelwe yisikhathi, njll., futhi wenze okunye okudingekile.
6. Hlola ukusebenza kokuvala kwe-valve ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kwayo.
7. I-valve esebenzayo kufanele ibe sesimweni esihle, ama-bolts e-flange kanye nebakaki aphelele, intambo ayilimazi, futhi akukho ukuxega.
8. Uma isondo lesandla lilahlekile, kufanele libe ngesikhathi futhi alikwazi ukushintshwa ngesipaneli se-spanner.
9. Indlala yokupakisha ayivunyelwe ukuthi isonteke noma ayinakho imvume yokuqinisa ngaphambilini.
10. Uma i-valve isetshenziswa endaweni enokhahlo futhi isengozini yokungcola njengemvula, iqhwa, uthuli, isihlabathi, njll., kufanele kufakwe ikhava yokuvikela isiqu se-valve.
11. Isikali se-valve kufanele sigcinwe sinjalo, sinembile futhi sicacile, futhi ama-valve avaliwe namakepisi.
12. Ijacket yokufakelwa kufanele ingabi nama-dents kanye nemifantu.
13. i-valve esebenzayo, ukugwema ukuyishaya, noma ukusekela izinto ezinzima.

Ukuxhumana kwe-valve

“Ukuxhumana kwevalvu” yigama elibanzi elingabhekisela endleleni noma isixhumi esibonakalayo lapho i-valve ixhunywa khona ohlelweni lwamapayipi noma enye ingxenye. Nazi izinhlobo ezimbalwa zokuxhuma ama-valve ongahlangabezana nazo:

Ukuxhumeka kweFlange

Lona uhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu lokuxhuma ku-valve. Ngokusho kokuma kwendawo ehlangene, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo:

1. Uhlobo olubushelelezi: lusetshenziselwa ama-valve anengcindezi ephansi. Ukucubungula okulula kakhulu
2. Uhlobo lwe-Concave kanye ne-convex: ingcindezi ephezulu yokusebenza, ingasebenzisa iwasha eqinile ephakathi
3. Uhlobo lwe-Gutter: Ingasetshenziswa ngama-gaskets ane-deformation enkulu yepulasitiki. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kumithombo yezindaba ebolayo futhi inomphumela omuhle wokuvala uphawu.
4. Uhlobo lwe-trapezoidal trough: sebenzisa indandatho yensimbi eyi-oval njenge-gasket, esetshenziselwa ama-valve anengcindezi yokusebenza ≥ 64 kg / cm 2, noma ama-valve okushisa aphezulu.
5. uhlobo lwamalensi: i-gasket iyisimo se-lens, esenziwe ngensimbi. Kuma-valve omfutho ophakeme anengcindezi yokusebenza ≥100 kg/cm 2 noma ama-valve okushisa aphezulu.
6. Uhlobo lwe-O-ring: Lolu uhlobo olusha lokuxhuma kwe-flange, oluthuthukiswe ngokubonakala kwama-O-rings enjoloba ahlukahlukene, isesimweni soxhumano oluvaliwe.

Ukuxhumeka kwesiqeshana

Ifomu lokuxhuma lapho i-valve namapayipi amabili ahlanganiswe ngokuqondile ngamabhawudi.

Ukuxhumana kwe-butt weld

Uxhumano olushiselwe ngqo epayipini.

Ukuxhuma okuxhunyiwe

Lena indlela elula yokuxhuma futhi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ama-valve amancane. Kunamacala amabili:

1. Ukuvalwa okuqondile: Imicu yangaphakathi neyangaphandle ivaleka ngokuqondile. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amalunga awavuzi, avame ukugcwaliswa ngamafutha omthofu, i-wire hemp kanye ne-polytetrafluoroethylene raw material tape; phakathi kwabo, i-tape ye-polytetrafluoroethylene eluhlaza isetshenziswa kabanzi; le nto inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kanye nomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokuvala uphawu. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi uyigcine. Uma uhlakaza, ingasuswa ngokuphelele, ngoba ifilimu engagcini, ephakeme kunawoyela oholayo nocingo.
2. Ukubekwa uphawu okungaqondile: amandla e-screwing adluliselwa ku-gasket phakathi kwezindiza ezimbili, ukuze i-gasket isebenze njengophawu.

Ukuxhumana komkhono wekhadi

Uxhumano lwe-ferrule, ukuxhuma kanye nomgomo wokuvala ukuthi uma inati liqiniswa, i-ferrule ingaphansi kwengcindezi, futhi ingxenye ye-blade iluma odongeni olungaphandle lweshubhu, futhi indawo engaphandle ye-tapered ye-ferrule icindezelwe ngokuqinile i-tapered surface yomzimba ohlangene ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ngaleyo ndlela Ingakwazi ukuvimbela ngokuthembekile ukuvuza.

Izinzuzo zalolu hlobo lokuxhuma yilezi:

1. Usayizi omncane, isisindo esilula, isakhiwo esilula, ukuhlangana okulula nokuhlakazeka;
2. Ukuxhumana okuqinile, ukusetshenziswa okubanzi, kungamelana nokucindezela okuphezulu (1000 kg / cm), izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (650 ° C) nokudlidliza kokushaqeka.
3. Ungakhetha izinto ezihlukahlukene, ezifanele ukulwa nokugqwala;
4. Izidingo zokunemba kokucubungula aziphezulu; kulula ukuyifaka endaweni ephakeme.
5. Ifomu lokuxhuma i-ferrule lamukelwe kweminye imikhiqizo emincane yama-valve e-diameter e-China.

Ukuxhumana kwe-clamp

Lena indlela yokuxhuma esheshayo edinga amabhawodi amabili kuphela ama-valve okucindezela okuphansi avame ukususwa.

Uxhumano oluziqinisayo

Wonke amafomu okuxhumana angenhla asebenzisa amandla angaphandle ukuze anciphise ukucindezela okuphakathi futhi afinyelele ukubekwa uphawu. Okulandelayo kuchaza ifomu lokuxhuma elisebenzisa ingcindezi ephakathi ukuze liziqinise. Indandatho yayo yokuvala ifakwe ku-cone yangaphakathi, nge-engeli kuya kolunye uhlangothi lwe-medium, ukucindezela okuphakathi kudluliselwa ku-cone yangaphakathi, futhi idluliselwe kwendandatho yokuvala. Nge-engeli ethile ye-cone surface, amandla ezingxenye ezimbili akhiqizwa, eyodwa futhi I-centerline yomzimba we-valve ihambisana nangaphandle kanti enye icindezelwa odongeni lwangaphakathi lomzimba we-valve. Ingxenye yokugcina yamandla iyaziqinisa. Uma umfutho ophakathi umkhulu, amandla aziqinisayo abe mkhulu. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lokuxhuma lufanele ama-valve aphezulu. Ixhumeke kakhulu ku-flange futhi igcina izinto eziningi kanye nabasebenzi, kodwa futhi idinga amandla athile okuqinisa ngaphambili, ukuze isetshenziswe ngokwethembeka lapho ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwe-valve ingekho phezulu. Amavalvu enziwe kusetshenziswa umgomo wokuziqinisa ngokuvamile amavalvu omfutho ophezulu.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuxhunywa kwama-valve, njengama-valve amancane okungadingeki akhishwe, ashiselwe epayipini; amanye ama-valve angewona awensimbi, ukuxhumana okunezikhoxe, nokunye. Abasebenzisi be-valve kufanele baphathwe ngokuvumelana nezimo zekhefu.

Ayini amasistimu amapayipi ahlukene?

Amapayipi amapayipi angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: IMechanical Piping Systems (MPS) kanye neProcess Piping Systems (PPS).

1. IMechanical Piping Systems (MPS) amapayipi nezixhumi ezihambisa amanzi nolunye uketshezi ngaphakathi kwebhilidi noma indawo. Ziyingxenye yesimiso semishini, kanye nezinto ezifana nezimiso zokufudumeza nezomoya, izintambo zikagesi namakheshi.
2. I-Process Piping Systems (PPS) ithwala uketshezi ngezinqubo zezimboni ezifana nezitshalo zamakhemikhali nezitshalo zokukhiqiza. I-PPS ngokuvamile yakhiwa amanethiwekhi amapayipi ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kune-MPS, ngokuvamile ahlanganisa amapayipi, amavalvu, amaphampu, izishintshisi zokushisa nezinsimbi.

Iyini inhloso yohlelo lwamapayipi?

Amasistimu wamapayipi asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa imidiya isuka endaweni eyodwa iye kwenye.
Lokhu kungafaka amanzi, umoya noma isitimu. Isistimu yamapayipi ngokuvamile yakhiwa izingxenye eziningana kuhlanganise nalezi ezilandelayo:

• Izinto zamapayipi (insimbi, ipulasitiki, njll.)
• I-Flange: Yilapho amapayipi amabili ahlangana khona enze uphawu. I-flange ivimbela uketshezi ukuthi lungaphumi eduze kwamalunga amapayipi lapho eboshwe ndawonye; ama-flange ensimbi angase akhiphe noma aboshwe unomphela.
• Amalunga: Lawa asetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa amapayipi ndawonye ngama-engeli nosayizi abahlukahlukene kuye ngezidingo zephrojekthi yakho.

Ukuhlanganisa yonke inqubo embonini

Amapayipi amapayipi asetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa yonke inqubo embonini.
Inhloso yezinhlelo zamapayipi ukuhlinzeka ngezindlela zokuthutha izinto ezingavuthiwe, imikhiqizo ephakathi nendawo, kanye nempahla eqediwe kuyo yonke indawo yezimboni.
Amapayipi amapayipi ahlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili ezinkulu, uhlelo lokusabalalisa kanye nohlelo lokuqoqa.
Ngephimbo eliphrofeshinali:
Amapayipi amapayipi ahlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili ezinkulu, uhlelo lokusabalalisa kanye nohlelo lokuqoqa.
Amapayipi amapayipi ngokuvamile enziwa ngezinto ezahlukene, kusukela ku-thermoplastic kuya kwensimbi.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zincike ekusetshenzisweni, okungaba kusuka ezindaweni ezishisayo kakhulu kuye ezibandayo nezimanzi. Isibonelo, uma usembonini edinga ukucubungula uketshezi olushisayo noma amagesi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuqina kwawo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma udinga amapayipi omshini wendlu yakho wamapayipi futhi uzochayeka emanzini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, khona-ke amapayipi e-PVC azofaneleka ngoba aguquguqukayo kunawawasensimbi—futhi angabizi kakhulu!
Ukukhethwa kwempahla kuphinde kube nomthelela ekutheni amapayipi angafakwa kalula kanjani endaweni lapho wakha isakhiwo esisha noma ushintsha izingxenye ezindala ngaphakathi kwaleyo ekhona (njengasendlini yakho). Ngokuvamile, nakuba kuwumkhuba omuhle kakhulu ukukhetha i-PVC esikhundleni sethusi ngoba:

• I-PVC inokuphila isikhathi eside okungcono;
• Isisindo esincane;
• Ngeke igle kalula ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile (njengokuchayeka emanzini anosawoti).

Amapayipi amapayipi ayingxenye ebalulekile yanoma iyiphi inqubo yezimboni.
Badlulisa ukushisa, uketshezi, amagesi ngisho nogesi kusuka kwelinye iphuzu kuya kwelinye.
Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izakhi ezihlukahlukene njengamapayipi namavalvu angenziwa ngensimbi noma ngepulasitiki kuye ngohlobo loketshezi oluthuthwayo. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi inhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo yenziwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nezingcindezi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izinga layo noma amazinga okuphepha.

Lusebenza kanjani uhlelo lwamapayipi?

Amapayipi amapayipi ayinethiwekhi yamapayipi ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuthutha uketshezi noma amagesi amabanga amade.

Ukuthuthwa kwamapayipi kusetshenziswa lapho ukuthutha ngamaloli noma ukuthumela impahla kungenzeki ngenxa yevolumu ephezulu, ibanga elide noma ubungozi bokuphepha.
Amapayipi angase agqitshwe ngaphansi komhlaba emiseleni, noma angase alale ngaphezu komhlabathi phezu kwezigxobo (njengoba kwenza imigqa yegesi) ukuze avikeleke ekulimaleni kwezimoto. Igama elithi “ipayipi” livela encazelweni yalo yokuqala: umzila ongaphansi komhlaba wokuthutha uketshezi (amanzi). Selokhu laqala ukubhekisela kunoma yiliphi ipayipi elinendawo eyodwa evulekile kuzo zombili iziphetho lapho impahla ingageleza ngokuqhubekayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngenxa yokuvuza noma ukuhwamuka. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuthi amapayipi asebenza kanjani nokuthi akhiwe kanjani ukuze uqonde ukuthi kwenzekani ngemuva kwezigcawu uma ujabulela isiphuzo sakho ozithandayo!
Uhlelo lwamapayipi lunokusetshenziswa okuningi, okuhlanganisa uwoyela, amanzi, indle nolunye uketshezi namagesi.
Imigqa ingaba mikhulu noma ibe mincane ngobubanzi (ububanzi bepayipi), kuye ngohlobo lwezinto ezithuthwayo. E-US, amapayipi amaningi agqitshwa ngaphansi ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala kwezinto zokwakha noma izingozi zezimoto ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo.
Amapayipi angacindezelwa (agcwaliswe uketshezi noma igesi ngaphansi kwengcindezi) noma angacindezelwa (agcwaliswe uketshezi olungandi kakhulu njengoba lufudumala). Izinhlobo ezimbili zamasistimu amapayipi yilezi:

• Amapayipi okuthutha - asetshenziselwa ukuthutha uwoyela negesi esuka ezindaweni zokukhiqiza kuya ezindaweni zokuhluzwa lapho ecutshungulwa khona abe uphethiloli, uphethiloli wedizili noma eminye imikhiqizo yabathengi; iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuthutha igesi yemvelo isuka ezindaweni zokukhiqiza iye ezindaweni zokusabalalisa lapho ithunyelwa khona ngemigqa yokusabalalisa ukuze kufudumale nokupheka ekhaya; hlinzeka ngokufinyelela kwabasebenzi besondlo; baphathe izinto eziyingozi njengamakhemikhali ezitshalweni zezimboni
• Amanethiwekhi okusabalalisa – adlulisa amanzi okuphuza asuka endaweni yokuhlanza awayise ezindlini/amabhizinisi ngamapayipi agqitshwe ngaphansi kwamalungelo edolobha.

Ipayipi lisetshenziselwa ukuthutha impahla isuka kwenye indawo iye kwenye njengendawo yokuhluza uwoyela iye echwebeni.
Izibonelo zezinto ezithuthwa ngamapayipi:

• Amafutha negesi
• Water
• Amafutha

Amapayipi amapayipi avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthutha uwoyela negesi ekhishwe ezimayini.
Amapayipi ayindlela evamile yokuthutha uwoyela negesi yemvelo ekhishwe ezimayini. Uma uwoyela noma igesi yemvelo isikhishiwe, ingathuthelwa ezindaweni ezihluzwayo ngezinhlelo zamapayipi.
Ububanzi bepayipi bungahluka kuye ngokuthi uketshezi noma igesi ethuthwa ngalo.
Ububanzi bepayipi bungahluka kuye ngokuthi uketshezi noma igesi ethuthwayo. Izinto ezisetshenziswa emapayipini zifaka i-PVC, ithusi, insimbi yama-galvanized kanye nensimbi engagqwali. Osayizi bamapayipi bangase babe bancane njengo-2 mm (0.08 in) noma babe bakhulu njengamamitha angu-4 (13 ft).
Ukuthuthwa kwamapayipi kusetshenziswa lapho ukuthutha ngamaloli noma ukuthumela impahla kungenzeki ngenxa yevolumu ephezulu, ibanga elide noma ubungozi bokuphepha.
Ingasetshenziswa ezimeni lapho kukhona izindawo eziningi zomsuka nendawo okuyiwa kuyo, kodwa ngokuvamile ibiza kakhulu kuneloli noma ukuthutha.
Izinto zokuhamba ngamapayipi zinezinzuzo kunezinye izindlela ngoba zigwema isiminyaminya futhi azidingi izindawo zokupaka kuzo zonke izitobhi endleleni. Lokhu kwenza kube usizo ikakhulukazi ekuthuthweni kwenani elikhulu lezinto eziyingozi kumabanga amade ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izakhamuzi zendawo ngokwakha amakhophi ekhophi emigwaqweni engase ibe mincane.
Amapayipi ayindlela enhle yokuthutha uketshezi namagesi.
Amapayipi ayindlela engabizi kakhulu, ewonga amandla futhi ephephile yokuthutha uketshezi namagesi.
Amasistimu wamapayipi ahlinzeka ngenani lezinzuzo ngaphezu kwezinye izindlela zokuhamba ezihlanganisa:

• Umthelela ophansi kwezemvelo. Amapayipi angaklanywa abe nomthelela omncane kwezemvelo ngokugwema izindawo ezibucayi futhi asebenze ngaphansi kwezimo ezigwema ukucindezeleka kwemvelo njengokuchitheka noma ukungcoliswa kokuvuza.
• Izikhathi zokufaka ezisheshayo. Isistimu yamapayipi ngokuvamile ihlanganiswa kusukela ezingxenyeni ezakhiwe ngaphandle kwendawo ngaphambi kokufakwa esizeni ngabasebenzi abanekhono bese beqedela inqubo yokufaka ngokuxhuma ingxenye ngayinye ndawonye ngendlela yokuhlanganisa. Le ndlela ivumela izikhathi zokufaka ngokushesha uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuthutha ezidinga izikhathi eziningi zokuhlela nezokwakha ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa (isb., ujantshi wesitimela).
• Umphumela uyindlela ephumelelayo yokuthutha kokubili uketshezi namagesi kumhlaba wonke ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okuningi endaweni ezungezile noma izikhungo zabantu emizileni yakhona.

Umthombo: China Umhlinzeki Wezixazululo Zepayipi - Yaang Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.epowermetals.com)

(Yaang I-Pipe Industry ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili nomnikezeli we-nickel alloy kanye nemikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali, okuhlanganisa ama-Super Duplex Stainless Steel Flanges, amaFlange Ensimbi Engagqwali, Okokufakwa Kwepayipi Lensimbi Engagqwali, Ipayipi Lensimbi Engenasici. Imikhiqizo ye-Yaang isetshenziswa kabanzi Ekwakhiweni Kwemikhumbi, Amandla Enuzi, Ubunjiniyela Basolwandle, I-Petroleum, Amakhemikhali, Izimayini, Ukwelashwa Kwendle, Imikhumbi Yegesi Yemvelo kanye Nengcindezi nezinye izimboni.)

Uma ufuna ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-athikili noma ufuna ukwabelana nathi ngombono wakho, xhumana nathi ku [i-imeyili ivikelwe]